Muscles

Question 1

types of muscles that are striated

Answer 1

Cardiac and skeletal

Question 2

Which type of muscle has branching cells

Answer 2

cardiac muscle

Question 3

what is a single cell of skeletal muscle called

Answer 3

a muscle fiber

Question 4

sarcolemma

Answer 4

thin plasma membrane that surronds skeletal muscles

Question 5

spindle shaped sells that form sheets of muscle

Answer 5

smooth muscle

Question 6

muscle type with one nucleus

Answer 6

smooth

Question 7

location of smooth muscle

Answer 7

walls of hollow organs

Question 8

location of cardiac muscle

Answer 8

heart

Question 9

Location of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

attached to bones and occasionally skin

Question 10

Function of skeletal muscle

Answer 10

Locomotion, manipulation of environment and facial expression

Question 11

function of smooth muscle

Answer 11

propels substances through hollow organs

Question 12

function of cardiac muscle

Answer 12

propels blood

Question 13

Involuntary muscles

Answer 13

cardiac and smooth

Question 14

what is the most common tupe of tissue in the body

Answer 14

skeletal muscle

Question 15

How many nuclei in skeletal muscle

Answer 15

20 or more

Question 16

Excitability/Irritability

Answer 16

ability to respond to a stimulus

q

Question 17

contractibility

Answer 17

forcefully shorten

Question 18

extensibility

Answer 18

strech beyond resting length

Question 19

Elasticity

Answer 19

recoil back to original resting length

Question 20

Conductivity

Answer 20

cells can propagate action potentials

Question 21

Epimysium

Answer 21

fibrous connective tissue surrounding skeletal muscle

Question 22

Perimysium

Answer 22

surrounds muscle fasicles

Question 23

fascicles

Answer 23

bundles of muscle cells

Question 24

Endomysium

Answer 24

surrounds each individual muscle ceel/ fiber

Question 25

Site of aerobic respiration in skeletal muscles

Answer 25

mitochondria

Question 26

Organelle responsible for muscle contraction

Answer 26

Myofibril

Question 27

Sarcoplasmic reticulm

Answer 27

net that surrounds muscle fibers,

Question 28

Sarcoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 28

Controls calcium levels by storing and releasing

Question 29

T-Tubules

Answer 29

tubes that run around muscle fibers by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

T-tubules function

Answer 30

allow for rapid transmission of "action potentials"

Question 31

name of the muscles cytoplasm

Answer 31

sarcoplasm

Question 32

What are myofibrils composed of

Answer 32

two kinds of myo fillaments

Question 33

what are the two types of myo filaments

Answer 33

Myosin and Actin

Question 34

Which is thicker, myosin or Actin

Answer 34

Myosin

Question 35

Myo filament that looks like a string pearls

Answer 35

Actin

Question 36

Myofillament that looks like a tree trunk with barnacles

Answer 36

Myosin

Question 37

Basic functional unit of skeletel muscle

Answer 37

Sacromere

Question 38

Sacromere

Answer 38

Section of a muscle fiber seperated by Z line

Question 39

Structure of Actin

Answer 39

of two strings of monomers wrapped around each other

Question 40

Structure of Myosin

Answer 40

Unusual shape: one end is shaped like a long rod and the other end is double headed (like…a 2-headed snake OR a 2-headed golf club).

Question 41

Alpha-Actinin

Answer 41

anchors the actin to the z line on bothe ends

Question 42

Troponin-tropomyosin function

Answer 42

prevents myosin-actin bonding during relaxation and facilitates bonding during contraction

Question 43

how does a sarcomere contract

Answer 43

when the heads of the myosin filament pull on the 2 actin filaments

Question 44

why does a myo fibril contract

Answer 44

simultaneous contraction of sarcomeres in a myofibril

Question 45

why does a muscle fiber contract

Answer 45

Because all sacromeeres in all myofibrils contract simultaneously

Question 46

how quickley is ATP depleted

Answer 46

6 seconds (once vigorours activity starts)

Question 47

Jpw dpes ADP interacte with creatine phosphate

Answer 47

anerobicly

Question 48

creatine phosphate

Answer 48

high energy compound stored in muscles

Question 49

How quickly does ADP react with creatine

Answer 49

almsot instaentaneously

Question 50

how long can creatine phosphate and ADP sustain maximum muscle power

Answer 50

10-15

Question 51

Glycolysis

Answer 51

the initial pathway of glucose respiration, forms 2 pryuciv acid and a small amount of ATP

Question 52

when there is an oxygen shortage, what happens to the pyruvic acid

Answer 52

it is converted into lactic acid (less efficient byt faster)

Question 53

how long does anaerobic respiration provide ATP

Answer 53

30-40 minutes

Question 54

what produces most of the ATP

Answer 54

respiration

Question 55

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 55

Whem muscles are actively contracting, glucose becomes the primary fuel source.

Question 56

where does aerobic respiration occur

Answer 56

the mitochondria

Question 57

what does Aerobic respiration require

Answer 57

oxygen

Question 58

results of aerobic respiration

Answer 58

glucose is broken down completley, resulting in large amounts of Atp

Question 59

activities associated with anerobic repiration

Answer 59

tennis and soccer

Question 60

activities associated with aerobic repiration

Answer 60

jogging and marathon runs

Question 61

how many places are muscles attached to bone usually

Answer 61

two

Question 62

insertion

Answer 62

the moveable bone

Question 63

the origin

Answer 63

the immovable or less moveable bone

Question 64

how do muscles create movement

Answer 64

pulling (nevr pushing)

Question 65

what are skeletal muscles controlled by

Answer 65

a neuron

Question 66

where are neurons located

Answer 66

Neroumascular junction

Question 67

Synaptic cleft

Answer 67

gap between terminal end of the neuron and the muscle

Question 68

what initaties muscle movement

Answer 68

nerve impulse

Question 69

action potential

Answer 69

wave of depolarization along the nerve membrane

Question 70

motor endplate

Answer 70

point where the nuron's axon is attached to the muscle fiber

Question 71

what happens when the wave of depolarization reaches the motor endplate

Answer 71

the membrane of the axons synaptic knob release acetylcholine into

Question 72

acetylcholine

Answer 72

neurotransmiter across neuromuscular junction

Question 73

why cant myosin interact with actin in resting muscle

Answer 73

the myosin heads are covered with tropinin

Question 74

what happens when tropanin binds with calcium

Answer 74

they change shape and are repositioned to not interfere with the myosin and actin