Ch 7 pt2 Vertebral Column and Bony Thorax

Question 1

Functions of the vertebral column

Answer 1

provides the axial support of the trunk, provides attachment point for ribs and back muscles, protects spinal cord.

Question 2

how many bones in fetal axial column

Answer 2

33

Question 3

how many bones in an adult vertebral column

Answer 3

26

Question 4

how many bones in the cervical region

Answer 4

7

Question 5

where is the spinal cord the longest

Answer 5

where it comes out of the brain

Question 6

function of the transverse foramina

Answer 6

protects the vertebral arteries and veins that serve the brain

Question 7

which section of vertebrae is more flexible

Answer 7

cervical

Question 8

how are vertebrae identified

Answer 8

by number and letter C1, C2…

Question 9

what allows the head to “nod yes”

Answer 9

the articulation between C1 and the occipital condyles

Question 10

what is another name for C2 and what does it do

Answer 10

the axis, its articulation with C1 allows the head to rotate

Question 11

which vertebrae have a bifid spinous process

Answer 11

C2-C6

Question 12

vertebrae found in chest region

Answer 12

Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 13

how many thoracic vertebrae are ther

Answer 13

12

Question 14

what does each thoracic vertebrae articulate with

Answer 14

Ribs

Question 15

what shape is the thoracic vertebrae’s body

Answer 15

heart shaped

Question 16

vertebra in the “small of the back”

Answer 16

Lumbar vertebrae

q

Question 17

what is the shape of the vertebral foramina of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 17

triangular

Question 18

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

Answer 18

5

Question 19

which vertebrae bears the most weight

Answer 19

lumbar

Question 20

shape of the spinous process of the lumbar

Answer 20

short, flat, hatchet shaped

Question 21

T/F lumbar vertebrae are locked together

Answer 21

T

provides stability and prevents rotation

Question 22

intervertabral discs

Answer 22

shock absorber found between each vertebrae

Question 23

how many sacrum vertebrae are there

Answer 23

5

fused

Question 24

function of the sacrum

Answer 24

strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis

Question 25

where is the body's center of gravity found

Answer 25

the region of the first sacral vertebrae

Question 26

how many coccyx vertebrae are there

Answer 26

3-5 | fuse together over time

Question 27

transverse foramen

Answer 27

foramen found in the cervical vertebrae that allows for arteries to pass through

Question 28

vertebral foramen

Answer 28

foramen in the vertebra where the spinal cord runs through

Question 29

cervical prominence

Answer 29

large, unforked bifid spinous process found in C7

Question 30

spinous process

Answer 30

part that sticks out to the bakc

Question 31

transverse process

Answer 31

part that sticks out to the sides

Question 32

body

Answer 32

main, solid part of the vertebrae found towards the front of the body

Question 33

C1 nickname

Answer 33

Atlas (because he holds "the world' (head))

Question 34

what feature is C1 missing

Answer 34

body

Question 35

what unique structure does C2 have

Answer 35

the dens (odontoid process)

Question 36

what unique structure does C2 have

Answer 36

the dens (odontoid process)

Question 37

function of the dens

Answer 37

articulates with C1, to shake head back and forth

Question 38

how many thoracic vertebrae are ther

Answer 38

12

Question 39

what is the exception for wher intevertebral discs are found

Answer 39

C1, C2, sacrum and the coccxk vertebrae

Question 40

what is the exception for wher intevertebral discs are found

Answer 40

C1, C2, sacrum and the coccxk vertebrae

Question 41

what does the saccrum articulate with

Answer 41

hips (illium)

Question 42

vesigial structures

Answer 42

structures that were obvious in ancestors, but have lost size and/or functionallity

Question 43

which section of the spine is a vestigial structure

Answer 43

coccx vertebrae

Question 44

True ribs

Answer 44

the first 7 pairs of ribs with both vertebral and sternal articulations

Question 45

false ribs

Answer 45

5 pairs of ribs that attach to the sternum indirectly or do not attach to the sternum at all

Question 46

floating ribs

Answer 46

bottom two pairs of ribs that don't articulate with the sternum at all | they count as false ribs

Question 47

head (ribs)

Question 48

plane (gliding) joint

Answer 48

synovial joint between the spinal vertebrae, that allow for back and forth and side to side motion

Question 49

flexion

Answer 49

bending forward

Question 50

extension

Answer 50

bending backwards

Question 51

decreases the angle between two bones

Answer 51

flexion

Question 52

increases the angle between two bones

Answer 52

extension

Question 53

lateral flexion

Answer 53

bending from side to side

Question 54

type of connective tissue that holds the vertebral column upright

Answer 54

Vertebral Ligaments (dense elastic connective tissue)

Question 55

function of vertebral ligaments

Answer 55

prevent hyper extension of spine

Question 56

functions of intervertebral discs

Answer 56

1. shock absorption 2. allow spine to flex and extened

Question 57

where are intervertebral discs largest

Answer 57

lumbar region

Question 58

disc slipped/ herniated discs/ ruptured discs

Answer 58

when cracks develop in the outer layer intervertebral discs, and the inner gel oozes out and presses on a nerve

Question 59

where are disk problems most common

Answer 59

between C5 and C6, L4 and L5, L5 and S1

Question 60

how are slipped discs treated

Answer 60

bed rest, traction, pain killers, or surgical removal

Question 61

what causes slipped discs

Answer 61

sudden or sever trauma to the spine

Question 62

how much of the spinal column do intervertebral discs make up

Answer 62

1/4

Question 63

why do people shorten with age

Answer 63

compression of disks overtime