Ch.1 Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The process of change over time that has resulted in the astounding array of organisms found on earth

Question 2

Properties of Life

Answer 2

Energy processing
Growth and development
Response to the Environment
Reproduction
Regulation
Evolutionary adaptation
Order

Question 3

Biosphere

Answer 3

Consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

Consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all the non-living components of the environment in which life interacts with

Question 5

Biological Community

Answer 5

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystems

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

A group whose members can only reproduce with other members of the group

Question 7

Population

Answer 7

Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area

Question 8

Organisms

Answer 8

Individual living things

Question 9

Organs

Answer 9

A body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body

Question 10

Tissues

Answer 10

A group of cells that work together performing a specialized function

Question 11

Cell

Answer 11

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Question 12

Molecule

Answer 12

A chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

Question 13

Reductionism

Answer 13

Breaking a complex system or problem into smaller simpler parts to study the parts to find out more about the whole

Question 14

Holism

Answer 14

States that one cannot really understand a complex system by just looking at the parts

Question 15

Emergent Properties

Answer 15

New properties that arise with each step up in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Question 16

Systems Biology

Answer 16

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

Question 17

Cell Theory

Answer 17

States that all living organisms are made of cells

Question 18

Genes

Answer 18

A section of the DNA of the chromosome

Question 19

Gene Expression

Answer 19

The entire process by which the info in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

Question 20

Genome

Answer 20

The entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Question 21

Genome Sequence

Answer 21

The entire sequence of nucleotides for a representative member of a species

Question 22

Genomics

Answer 22

The systematic study of whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species

Question 23

Proteomics

Answer 23

The study of sets of proteins and their properties

Question 24

Proteome

Answer 24

The study of sets of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

Question 25

Producer

Answer 25

An organism that produces organic compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals

Question 26

Consumers

Answer 26

Organisms that feed on other organisms or their remains

Question 27

Feedback Regulation

Answer 27

The output, or product, of a process, regulates that very process

Question 28

Negative Feedback

Answer 28

A loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus

Question 29

Positive Feedback

Answer 29

An end product speeds up its own production