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HLST128: Physiology II > Ch.10 Vascular Physiology > Flashcards

Ch.10 Vascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

blood reconditioning occurs

A

constantly

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2
Q

purpose of blood recoditioning

A
  • adjust blood flow to maintain homeostasis
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3
Q

what are the reconditioning organs

A
  • digestive organs
  • kidneys
  • skin
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4
Q

what is the purpose of reconditioning organs

A
  • receive more blood then need so has the ability to redistribute it
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5
Q

non reconditioning organs include

A
  • brain
  • skeletal musclesw
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6
Q

what is the purpose of non reconditioning organs

A
  • increase blood supple to achieve homeostasis
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7
Q

flow rate formula

A

FR=P/R

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8
Q

what is the pressure gradient

A
  • the pressure difference between the beginning and end of the vessel
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9
Q

where does blow flow in the pressure area

A
  • moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration
  • moves down the pressure gradient
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10
Q

resistance is

A

the measure of opposition to the blood flow

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11
Q

increased resistance ________ flow rate

A

decreases

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12
Q

what are the three factors that influence resistance

A
  • vessel viscosity
  • vesssel lenght
  • vessel radius
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13
Q

what is the MAJOR determinate of resistance

A
  • vessel radius
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14
Q

how does vessel radius effect resistance

A

decreased radius = increased resistance

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15
Q

how does vessel lenght effect resistance

A

longer vessel = more surface area = increased resistance

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16
Q

how is vessel viscosity determined

A
  • by the number of RBC’s
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17
Q

how does vessel viscosity effect resistance

A

increased viscosity = greater resistance

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18
Q

arterial blood pressure =

A

constant

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19
Q

arteries are also know as

A

rapid transit pathways

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20
Q

resistance in the arteries is

A

little

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21
Q

arteries act as

A

pressure reserviours

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22
Q

why are arteries known as pressure reservoirs

A
  • they are the driving force for blood when the heart is relaxing
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23
Q

Pulse pressure formula

A

PP= SBP - DBP

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24
Q

what is normal pulse pressure

A

40 mm HG

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25
Q

what is pulse pressure

A
  • pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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26
Q

systolic pressure

A
  • maximum pressure excreted in the arteries
  • when the ventricles contracts
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27
Q

what is normal systolic pressure

A

120

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28
Q

diastolic pressure

A
  • minimum pressure in the arteries
  • ventricles relaxes
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29
Q

what is normal diastolic pressure

A

80

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30
Q

Mean arterial pressure formula

A

MAP = DP + 1/3 SP

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31
Q

what is normal MAP

A

93

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32
Q

what is mean arterial pressure

A
  • the average pressure driving blood forward into tissues throughout the cardiac system
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33
Q

MAP must be high enough to

A

ensure sufficent driving pressure

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34
Q

MAP must not be too high because

A

it will make excess work for the heart and ruture the capillaries

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35
Q

arterioles are

A

major resitance vessels

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36
Q

why are arterioles known as major resitance vessels

A
  • because they vasoconstrict
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37
Q

arterioles makeup

A
  • highly musclular
  • contain very little elastic tissue
38
Q

Purpose of arterioles

A
  • adjust to recondition organs
  • help reguate MAP
39
Q

vasoconstriction

A
  • narrowing of the vessel wall
40
Q

vasoconstriction effect on resistance

A
  • increases resistance
41
Q

vasodilation

A
  • relaxation
  • enlargement of the circumfrance of the vessel
42
Q

vasodialtion effect on resistance

A
  • decreases resistance
43
Q

increased myogenic activity causes

myogenic activity = ability of blood vessels to constrict

A

vasoconstriction

44
Q

decreases oxygen causes

A

vasodilation

45
Q

increases carbon dioxide casues

A

vasodialation

46
Q

increased endothelin causes

A

vasoconstriction

47
Q

decreased myogenic activity causes

A

vasodilation

48
Q

increased oxegen casues

A

vasoconstriction

49
Q

decreased carbon dioxide casues

A

vasoconstriction

50
Q

decreased sypathetic stimulation causes

A

vasodialtion

51
Q

increased heat causes

A

vasodilation

52
Q

decreased heat causes

A

vasoconstriction

53
Q

increased sympathetic stimulation causes

A

vasoconstriction

54
Q

increased sympathetic stimulation is caused by

A
  • an increase is vasopressin
  • an increase in angiotension II
55
Q

decreased sypathetic stimulation is caused by

A
  • increased histamine
56
Q

types of intrinsic controls

A
  • chemical influences
  • physical influences
57
Q

what are intrinsic controls

A
  • changes within a tissue / organ
  • alters radius of a vessel by altering smooth muscle
58
Q

What are chemical influences

A
  • local metabolic changes
  • histamine release
59
Q

what are physical influences

A
  • hot / cold
  • chemical responce to shear stress
  • myogenic responce to stretch
60
Q

extrinsic controls are important in

A

blood pressure regulation

61
Q

extrinsic controls examples

A
  • neural inputs (hormones)
62
Q

Capillaries are known as

A

“exchange vessels”

63
Q

why are capillaries known as exchanged vessels

A

-they have maximized surface area and maximized diffusion
- slow velocity

64
Q

what does slow velocity do

A
  • allow enough time for exchange
65
Q

Velocity of blood flow is _____________ to total cross sectional area

A

inversly proportional

66
Q

Hwo are substances exchanged through cappilaries

A
  • diffusion
  • bulk flow
67
Q

the lymphatic system provides

A

an excessory route by which fluid can be returned from the interstial fluid to the blood

68
Q

oedema is also known as

A

the swelling of the tissues

69
Q

when does oedema occur

A

when too much intersticial fluid accumulates

70
Q

causes of oedema

A
  • decreases concentration of plasma proteins (kidney / liver disease, loss of plasma proteins burned from the surface)
  • increased permulability of cappillary wall (allergic reactions)
71
Q

veins are also known as

A

blood reserviours

72
Q

makeup of veins

A
  • little restance
  • highly densiable
  • less cross sectional area (walls appear thin and collapsed)
  • little smooth muscle
  • little elasticity
73
Q

Main determinate of MAP

A
  • cardiac output
  • total peripheral resistance
74
Q

MAP formula #2

A

MAP = CO x TPR

75
Q

sympathetic stimulation activates

A

a1 - adrenoceptors

76
Q

Parasympathic stimulation effect on blood pressure

A

decreases

77
Q

hypovolmic shock effect on CO

A

decreases

78
Q

Hypovolmic shock is

A

low volume shock

79
Q

Hypovolmic shock causes

A
  • sever haemorrhage
  • excessive vommiting
  • diarrhoea
  • urinary losses
80
Q

cardiogenic shock is

A

heart produced shock

81
Q

cardiogenic shock is caused by

A
  • weekend heart
82
Q

cardiogenic shock effect on cardiac output

A

decreased CO

83
Q

vasogenic shock is

A

vessel produced shock

84
Q

vasogenic shock effect on total peripheral resistance

A

decreases

85
Q

vasogenic shock is caused by

A
  • septic shock
  • anaphylactic shock
86
Q

effect of septic shock

A

vasodilator released from bacteria

87
Q

effect of anaphylatic shock

A
  • increased histamine —> vasodialtion
88
Q

neurogenic shock is

A

nerve produced shock

89
Q

neurogenic shock effect on TPR

A

decreases

90
Q

Effect of Neurogenic shock

A

decreased sympathic activity —> decreased vascular tone —> vasodialtion

HLST128: Physiology II (14 decks)

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