Ch.12

Question 1

Fungi Characteristics

Answer 1

Euk Domain, Fungi kingdom, chemoheterotrophs, all multicellular except yeast, absorb food and have sexual and asexual spores. Aerobic or falculculative anaerobe (prefer oxygen for greater yield)

Question 2

Mycology

Answer 2

Study of fungi

Question 3

Molds

Answer 3

made from multicellular organisms

Question 4

What are the thallus and hyphae

Answer 4

The body, thallus, is made of long joined filament cells cells called hyphae, when grown the hyphae make a filamentous mass called mycelium that find and collect food

Question 5

what are molds

Answer 5

fungus that grows in multicellular filaments , only exists as a mycelium (thallus of a spore) and spores come from the tips of each hyphae

Question 6

What are yeasts

Answer 6

single oval cells that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Yeasts that divide symmetrically

Answer 7

Fission yeast

Question 8

Yeasts that divide asymmetrically

Answer 8

budding yeasts

Question 9

Dimorphism

Answer 9

two forms of growth, either yeast or a mold. Pathogens, aat 25C it grows in mold, at 37C it is unicellular C02 can also change things.

Question 10

Asexual spores

Answer 10

produced by an individual fungus with mitosis.

Question 11

Sexual spores

Answer 11

produced by the fusion of two nuclei,

Question 12

Asexual spore that forms in a sac

Answer 12

sporangiospore

Question 13

What are the two hypha forms

Answer 13

septate hypha (seperate compartments) and Coenocytic hypha (multi nuclei in one body).

Question 14

Ariel Hypha

Answer 14

disperses spores into the air.

Question 15

Asexual spore that does not form in a sac

Answer 15

Conidiospore

Question 16

Types of conidiospores

Answer 16

Arthrospore (formed from fragments. Blastoconidium, formed from buds, and Chlamydospore formed from rounding and enlargment within a hyphal segment

Question 17

3 phases of sexual reproduction

Answer 17

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

Question 18

Plasmogamy

Answer 18

Haploid donor cell nucleus + penetrates - donor cell of recipient cell -

Question 19

karyogamy

Answer 19

+ and - nucleus fuse

Question 20

meiosis

Answer 20

aka reductive division. diploid nucleus produce haploid cell (sexual spores) 2 to 1

Question 21

3 types of sexual spores

Answer 21

zygospore, Ascospore, basidiospore medically important phylae are this with mycota at the end and microsporidia

Question 22

zygospore

Answer 22

fusion of haploid spores produce one zygospore

Question 23

Acospore

Answer 23

sexual spore formed in a sac

Question 24

Basidiospore

Answer 24

sexual spore formed externally on a pedestal

Question 25

Mycoses

Answer 25

Fungal Disease

Question 26

Systemic mycoses

Answer 26

deep within the body

Question 27

Subcutaneous mycosis

Answer 27

beneath the skin

Question 28

Cutaneous mycosis

Answer 28

affect skin, hair, nails

Question 29

superficial mycosis

Answer 29

localized , hair shafts

Question 30

opportunistic mycosis

Answer 30

caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi

Question 31

zygomycota

Answer 31

ceocynitic (multi nuclei) teleomorphic (produce sexual and a sexual cells) can form sporangiospore (asexual sac) and zygospores

Question 32

Microspordia

Answer 32

No hyphae no mitochondria , intracelular parasites . diarehhea

Question 33

Ascomycota

Answer 33

Septate, sexual +asexual (teleomorphic) sac fungi

Question 34

Anamorphs

Answer 34

produce asexual spores only , most are placed in ascomycota

Question 35

Basidiomycota

Answer 35

septate produce basidiospores and sometimes conidiophores

Question 36

Lichens

Answer 36

they are a combo of an alga and fungus , alga produces carbohydrates, fungus holdfast and protection used for dyes, antimicrobial

Question 37

Algae

Answer 37

Protista category most are photoautotrophic but some are chemoheterotrophic , some multicellular , no vascular tissue absorb food via diffusion from surface

Question 38

Phaeophyta

Answer 38

brown algea (kelp) , cellulose cell walls , store carbohydrates, arvested for algin, food thickener

Question 39

Diatoms

Answer 39

unicellular , medically relevant . Pectin and silica cell walls , store oil and become oil . produces domoic acid, bad for environment. Can harm humans as well. asexual + sexual phases

Question 40

Dinoflagellates

Answer 40

cellulose in plasma membrane , unicellular cause neurotoxins that cause shellfish death called saxitoxins

Question 41

Rhodophyta

Answer 41

Red algae , cellulose cell walls , mostly multicellular, have chlorophylls A AND B, harvested for agar and carrageenan thickener

Question 42

Chlorophyta

Answer 42

Green Algae , celllulose cell walls , uni or multicellular, store sugars

Question 43

oomycota

Answer 43

fungus-like algae, water like molds , multi cellular chemoheterotrophic produces zoo spores , decomposers and plant parasites