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Microbiology > Ch.14 Microbiology + Ch.12 Leftover > Flashcards

Ch.14 Microbiology + Ch.12 Leftover Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathology

A

Study of diseases and the changes they have on the body

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2
Q

Etiology

A

Study of causes of diseases

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3
Q

Pathogenesis

A

manner in which disease develops

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4
Q

Infection

A

invasion or colonization of the body by microorganisms

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5
Q

Disease

A

occurs when any infection results in change of state of health or have the body unable to carry on in its ways. you can have a disease like HIV with no symptoms

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6
Q

Symbiosis

A

Relationship with two organisms where one is dependent on the other its what we have with our normal microbiota

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

one organisms benefits while the other is unaffected

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8
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship where two organisms benefit one another.

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9
Q

Parasitism

A

Where one sucks the nutrients of another.

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10
Q

Normal microbiota

A

bacteria that naturally live on and in humans, lie e coli in the intestines. mouth, skin,, eyes, urinary and reproductinve systems

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11
Q

Microbial antagonism

A

aka competitive exclusion refers to how normal microbiota prevents overgrowth of harmful organisms
Ex. E coli produces proteins called bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of the same of or similar bacteria.

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12
Q

Transient Microbiota

A

temporary microbiota

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13
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

some of our normal microbiota can become pathogenic under certain conditions

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14
Q

probiotics

A

live microbes applied or ingested, intended to exert a beneficial effect

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15
Q

Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates Framework to study the etiology of a disease?

A

Some pathogens can cause several diseases. Some pathogens only cause disease in humans. Some pathogens can’t be cultured.

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16
Q

koch’s Postulates 1 and 2

A

The same pathogen has to be present in every case of disease, the pathogen must be isolated, and grown in pure cultures

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17
Q

Koch’s Postulates 3 and 4

A

pathogen, from the pure culture must cause disease in an animal, pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and be shows to be the original organism

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18
Q

Symptom

A

a change in the body felt by patient

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19
Q

Sign

A

a change in the body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

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20
Q

Syndrome

A

A specific group of signs and symptoms that come with a disease (AIDS for HIV)

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21
Q

Communicable Disease

A

a disease that is spread from one host to another

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22
Q

Contagious disease

A

a Communicable disease that is EASILY spread from one to another

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23
Q

Noncommunicable disease

A

a disease that is not transmitted from one host another another

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24
Q

Incidence

A

Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time

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25
Prevalence
Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time.
26
Sporadic Disease
disease that occurs occasionally in a population
27
Endemic Disease
Disease constantly present in a population
28
Epidemic Disease
disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time.
29
Pandemic Disease
Worldwide Epidemic
30
Herd immunity
immunity in most of a population leads to protection of non immune. 80%
31
Acute Disease
symptoms develop rapidly
32
Chronic Disease
Disease develops slowly,
33
Subacute disease
symptoms between acute and chronic
34
Latent Disease
disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is active
35
Local infection
pathogens are limited to a small amount of the body
36
Systemic infection
infection throughout the whole body
37
Focal infection
an infection that began locally but spread to other parts of the bood via blood or lymphatic vessels
38
Sepsis
inflammatory condition from spread of microbes and their toxins
39
Bacteremia
Bacteria in the blood
40
Septicemia
Growth of bacteria in the blood
41
Toxemia
Toxins in the blood
42
Viremia
Viruses in blood
43
Primary Infection
Acute infection that causes initial illness
44
Secondary Infection
opportunistic infection after the primary infection
45
Subclinical infection
has no noticeable signs or symptoms
46
What are some predisposing factors that make one more susceptible to disease
short ureteral in females , inherited traits like sickle cell, climate and weather, fatigue, Age, Lifestyle, Chemotherapy, others
47
Stages of disease
1. incubation period (no signs or symptoms) 2. Prodromal period, mild signs and symptoms. 3.Period of illness, most sever symptoms. Period of decline 4. Period of convalescence
48
Sources of infection
For human can be carriers, for animals cann be zoonoses, disease in non human animals that then transfer to humans
49
Direct Contact
requires close association between infected and host
50
Indirect contact
spread via formites (non living objects) like surfaces?
51
Droplet contact
transmission via airborne droplets that travel less than 1 meter
52
Vehicle Transmission
Transmission by inanimate vehicle like, water, food, air
53
Nosocomial infections
Infections acquired in a hospital setting
54
Emerging Infectious Diseases
New, increasing in incidence, or showing potential to become bigger
55
Why are EID useful or dangerous
Affects transportation , west nile, ecological war, causes lyme disease.
56
CDC
Centers for disease control and prevention . They publish the MMWR the morbidy and mortality report that state specific incidence diseases and their mortality rate.
57
Why is epidemiology studied?
Collection and analysis of data, snow and semmelweis, Involve prospective studies with following people if disease happens, and retrospective study looking back and seeing how people were affected.
58
Mortality
Deaths from notifiable diseases
59
Morbidity
Incidence of specific notifiable disease , morbidity rate is the number of people affected in relation to total population in a given period
60
Protozoa
Various kingdom's, used to be prositsa , chemoheterophic unicelllar motile organisms ,some for cysts.
61
What are cysts, and vegetative form of protozoa
Cysts are like the endospores of protozoa, feeding and growing form is called a trophozoite . Asexual reproduction via fission, budding, and schizogony (multiple fission) Sexual reproduction via conjugation . Chemoheterotrophs.
62
Diplomonads
type of protozoa with no mitochondria (makes energy via glycolysis) , multiple flagella like giardia lamblia that causes giardiasis, causing diarrhea weight loss, make cysts
63
Parabasalids
type of protozoa with no mitochondria , no cyste. Example: Trichomonas Vaginalis that causes trichomoniasis STD found in vagina or in male urinary tract
64
Euglenoza, move by flagella
Consist of Euglenoids that are photoautotrophic and found in fresh water also Hemoflagellates, are chemoheterotrophs, from animal bites, Trypanosoma cause sleeping sickness and chagas . Lesishmania come from sand fly vector
65
Amebae, move cia pseudopods
move via pseudopods Entamoeba causes amoebic dysentary, acanthamoeba cause blindness
66
Helminths
Animalia kingdom, chemoheterotroph, all are multicellular, elaborate life cycles
67
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
68
Trematodes
flukes
69
Cestodes
tapeworms
70
Nematoda
roundworms
71
Monoecious
male and female reproductive systems in one animal.
72
Dioecious
male and female reproductive systems in seperate animals, only fertilizations of eggs occur when both are present
73
Definitive Host
ADULT or SEXUALLY REPRODUCTIVE | form of the parasite would be found in this type of host
74
INTERMEDIATE HOST
IMMATURE or NON-SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE form of the parasite would be found in this type of host
75
schistosomes
blood flukes that are part male and female, they produce larve that go into a snail and then a human
76
Schistosomiasis
tissue damage that is caused by eggs being logged in tissue. causes by schistomes.
77
Lung fluke lifecycle
Paragonimus eggs from definitive host human are excreted, then go into the intermediate host of a crayfish
78
Tapeworms
embryos form cysts in intermediate host,, adults live in the intestine of humans, T.saginata, T.solium.
79
Taenia saginata and T solium
Taenia saginata is 12-18 ft long do not form cysts in human. and Taenia solium is 6-12 feet long.
80
Pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis
complete digestive system, mostly dioecious, guide sperm to female, male is smaller
81
Ascaris lumbricoides
lives in human intestines, up to 1 ft, feeds on partially digested food.
82
Hook worms
larvae from feces grow in soil, they bore through skin and go to intestine. Like necator americanus
83
Trichinella spiralis
larvae encyst in muscles of humans and other mammals
84
Athropods why are they important
they are vectors for pathogens, like mosquitos and ticks
85
Mechanical transmission,
pathogen is cared on a body part of the vector.
86
Biological transmission
pathogens multiply in vector
87
Definitive host
some pathogens sexually reproduce in their vectors.

Microbiology (19 decks)

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