Ch.15 Vital Signs

Question 1

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 1

constancy in the internal environment of the body naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

Question 2

What are mechanisms of homeostasis?

Answer 2

temperature, electrolytes, respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse, mental alertness

Question 3

What is body temperature?

Answer 3

measurement of the degree of heat of the deep tissues of the human body

Question 4

What is a normal body temperature?

Answer 4

98.6F with a 1-2 degree difference

Question 5

What types of thermometers are available?

Answer 5

digital, mercury, tempanic, temporal

Question 6

Where can thermometers be placed to measure temperature?

Answer 6

orally, tempanic (ear), temporal (forehead), rectally, axillary

Question 7

What is the most used form of measuring temperature?

Answer 7

temporal

Question 8

What is the most accurate temperature reading received?

Answer 8

Rectally

Question 9

What are the ranges of temperature based on where the reading was taken?

Answer 9

oral- 98.6 
tempanic- 97.6
temporal- 100
rectal- 99.6
axillary- 97.6

Question 10

What is febrile?

Answer 10

having a fever

Question 11

What is Hyperthermia?

Answer 11

abnormally high body temperature

Question 12

How long does a thermometer need to stay in place to get a reading?

Answer 12

20 seconds to 3 minutes

Question 13

What is Hypothermia?

Answer 13

abnormally low body temperature

Question 14

What are common symptoms of hyperthermia?

Answer 14

confusion, dizziness, comatose

Question 15

Why is hypothermia used medically?

Answer 15

To decrease the bodies metabolic demands and thereby decreasing the demand on the cardiovascular system during heart surgery

Question 16

What is tidal volume?

Answer 16

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle

Question 17

What is a normal respiratory rate for adults?

Answer 17

12-20 per minute

Question 18

What is the normal respiration rate for children under 10?

Answer 18

20-30 breaths/minute

Question 19

What is the normal respiration rate for newborns?

Answer 19

30-60 breaths/minute

Question 20

What is orthopnea?

Answer 20

Difficulty breathing while laying down

Question 21

What is a pulse pound?

Answer 21

when the left ventrical contracts and pushes blood out

Question 22

What is auscultation?

Answer 22

use of a stethescope to hear beats

Question 23

What is a normal pulse for adults?

Answer 23

60-100 beats per minute

Question 24

What is the normal pulse for children?

Answer 24

70-120 beats per minute

Question 25

What is a pulse oximeter?

Answer 25

it is used to continuously measure pulse with a light emitting probe placed on ann earlobe, forhead and most commonly the first digit

Question 26

What is tachycardia?

Answer 26

Pulse over 100 beats/minute caused by exercise, fever, nerves, CHF, anemia, hypoxia

Question 27

What is bradycardia?

Answer 27

pulse under 60 beats/minute caused by pain, hypothermia, being fit, medications, sedatives

Question 28

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 28

When the heart is at its peak pressure and is contracted- ejection phase-first sound heard

Question 29

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 29

Heart at rest-relaxed- complete filling-when sound is no longer heard

Question 30

What is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 30

Sphygmomanometer and stethescope

Question 31

What is the proper placement of the blood pressure cuff?

Answer 31

over brachial artery 1/2 way between the shoulder and elbow

Question 32

What is a Korotkof sound?

Answer 32

turbulent blood flow

Question 33

How is blood pressure recorded?

Answer 33

millimeters per mercury- mmHg

Question 34

What is normal blood pressure?

Answer 34

120/80mmHg

Question 35

What is a hypertensive blood pressure?

Answer 35

140/90mmHg-silent killer

Question 36

What is a hypotensive blood pressure?

Answer 36

95/60mmHg-low blood pressure