ch2

Question 1

The number of new cases of a condition that develop
in a population over a specific time period

Answer 1

incidence

Question 2

X can be reported as a rate or risk

Answer 2

incidence

Question 3

the proportion of a population that has a condition
at a specific time period, regardless of when they first developed it

Answer 3

prevalence

Question 4

X takes into account the duration of the condition

Answer 4

prevalence

Question 5

Measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time

Answer 5

rate

Question 6

system of beliefs and structures that denigrate and disadvantage members of racial groups who are categorized and regarded as inferior

Answer 6

racism

Question 7

beliefs, attitudes, institutional arrangements, and acts that tend to denigrate individuals or groups because of phenotypic characteristics or ethnic group affiliation

Answer 7

racism

Question 8

three levels of racism

Answer 8

intrapersonal racism
interpersonal racism
structural racism

Question 9

the ideology of racism internalized in people’s thoughts. Consists of prejudice and internalized racism

Answer 9

intrapersonal racism

Question 10

discriminatory actions or behaviors between individuals or across institutions. Consists of institutional racism

Answer 10

interpersonal racism

Question 11

discriminatory actions in the social systems based on race

Answer 11

structural racism

Question 12

four key concepts of racism

Answer 12

Racial prejudice
Discrimination
Structural racism
Internalized racism

Question 13

Negative beliefs, attitudes, or assumptions held about individuals or groups based on their race

Answer 13

racial prejudice

Question 14

Actions or behaviors that unfairly target individuals based on their race

Answer 14

discrimination

Question 15

Social system rooted in racial ideologies that maintain unequal distribution of and access to power and societal resources

Answer 15

structural racism

Question 16

structural racism manifestations

Answer 16

Racial residential segregation
Environmental injustice
Political disenfranchisement
Mass incarceration
Immigration policies

Question 17

Discriminatory policies and practices within institutions such as healthcare, education, and housing

Answer 17

institutional racism

Question 18

when members of stigmatized races accept negative stereotypes that have been perpetuated about their individual or group abilities and self-worth

Answer 18

internalized racism

Question 19

A cultural system that propagates false notions of superior culture

Answer 19

cultural racism

Question 20

Internalized perceptions about group inferiority that are subconsciously acted upon

Answer 20

implicit bias

Question 21

X is a major mechanism through which racism harms health

Answer 21

stress

Question 22

Racism is a chronic stressor and can cause biological dysfunction and health deterioration over a lifetime, called X

Answer 22

allostatic load

Question 23

refers to the relative concentration and geographic separation of racial groups in residential areas

Answer 23

residential (racial) segregation

Question 24

can be conceptualized as structural racism to the extent that it negatively targets and disadvantages racialized groups

Answer 24

immigration policy

Question 25

The marginalization and exclusion of immigrant groups as a result of X constricts opportunities for immigrant groups, in turn creating health inequities

Answer 25

immigration policy

Question 26

Differences in the access to, and quality of, X for racial and ethnic minorities that are associated with poorer health outcomes

Answer 26

healthcare

Question 27

strategies to address racism and health

Answer 27

Socioecological approach Intersectional approach community-based/community-engaged research

Question 28

model provides a broad platform for addressing social determinants of health associated with racial disparities and recognizes the need for engagement at all levels

Answer 28

socioecological approach

Question 29

REACH program

Answer 29

Racial and ethnic approaches to community health

Question 30

Comprised of public health, community, academic, and other institutional partners, developed and implemented interventions with a focus on “undoing” racism at the individual, institutional, and systems levels

Answer 30

REACH program

Question 31

Engaging community-based organizations, faith-based organizations, and other institutions within the community in creating culturally specific interventions

Answer 31

Community-based and community-engaged approaches