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Kinesiology 3800 > Ch.5? > Flashcards

Ch.5? Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Neurons respond to … and convert those messages to an ….
called a nerve impulse

A

Stimuli, electrical signals

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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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3
Q

Afferent and Efferent nerves in PNS

A

Sensory: incoming
Motor: outgoing

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4
Q

PNS: Somatic is … to skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary

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5
Q

PNS: Autonomic is … to viscera

A

Involuntary

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6
Q

Basic structural unit of nervous system

A

Neuron

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7
Q

3 major regions of Neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

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8
Q

Neuron: Cell body contains …. And cell processes radiate …

A

Nucleus
Out

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9
Q

Neuron: Dendrites are … cell process and carry impulse … body

A

Receiver
Toward

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10
Q

Neuron: Axon is a … cell process and starts at…

A

Acceptor
Axon hillock

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11
Q

TF: Axons are the end branches

A

True

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12
Q

TF: Electrical signal for communication between the periphery and brain must be generated by axon

A

False
Stimulus

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13
Q

TF: Electrical signal for communication between the periphery and brain must be propagated down an axon

A

True

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14
Q

TF: Electrical signal for communication between the periphery and brain must be transmitted to every other cell

A

False
Next cell in line

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15
Q

Difference in electrical charges between outside
and inside of cell

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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16
Q

What is the mV inside cell?

A

-70mV

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17
Q

Cause of negative mV within cell

A

Uneven separation of charged ions

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18
Q

TF: There is High Na+ outside cell and High K+ inside cell

A

False
Medium K+

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19
Q

TF: When charges across membrane differ,
membrane is polarized

A

True

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20
Q

Two ways RMP is maintained

A

1.Membrane more permeable to K+ due to open K+ channels
2. Na+-K+ pump (primary mechanism)

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21
Q

Na+-K+ pump actively transports … Na+ out of cell and … K+ into cell

A

3
2

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22
Q

TF: Na+-K+ pump needs ATP to transport molecules

A

True

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23
Q

Results of maintaining RMP

A
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24
Q

Occurs when inside of cell (-70mV) becomes less negative & More Na+ channels open, Na+ enters cell (influx)

A

Depolarization

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25
Occurs when inside of cell becomes MORE negative, even below -70 mV & More K+ channels open, K+ leaves cell (efflux)
Hyperpolarization
26
TF: Depolarization is required for nerve impulse to arise and travel
False Hyper polarization
27
TF: Hyperpolarization makes it more difficult for nerve impulse to arise
28
Review: What cause rise in Na+
Depolarization
29
Review: Closes Na+ channels and returns to RMP
Repolarization
30
Review: Opens K+ channels
Hyper polarization
31
Depolarization and hyperpolarization contribute to nervous system function via…
Graded potentials
32
Localized(stays within 1 neutron) changes in membrane potential
Graded potentials
33
Helps cell body decide whether to pass incoming dendrite signals
Graded potentials
34
TF: GP can depress and exhibit a neuron
False Excite Inhibit
35
In Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), Na channels open =
Na influx & Depolarization
36
In Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) • K+ channels open
K+ efflux & Hyperpolarization
37
What will lead to an action potential
A strong EPSP Rapid depolarization Reach threshold mV
38
If GP reaches … … (threshold mV), AP will occur
-55mV to -50mV
39
Keeps total of EPSP and IPSP
Axon hillock
40
2 characteristics to determine AP propagation speed
Axon diameter: larger=faster Myelin
41
Site of neuron to neuron communication in AP transfer
Synapse
42
Explain how an action potential is transmitted from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron
Presynaptic axon terminal -> SYNAPSE -> postsynaptic dendrites
43
What are the signal changes across synapse
Electrical - chemical - Electrical
44
– Chemical messengers – Carry electrical AP signal across synaptic clef
Neurotransmitters
45
Site of neuron-to-muscle communication using ACh as a neurotransmitter
Neuromuscular junction
46
NJ: ACh binds to receptor at what site
Motor end plate
47
NJ: Postsynaptic cell=
Muscle fiber
48
4 regions of the Brain
– Cerebrum – Diencephalon – Cerebellum – Brain stem
49
Region of the brain where decisions are made about controlling movement
Frontal lobe
50
Lobes of the brain
Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital
51
What does thalamus in cerebrum/temporal lobe do?
– Regulates what sensory input reaches conscious brain – Determines what we are consciously aware of.
52
What does hypothalamus in cerebrum/temporal lobe do?
Maintains homeostasis
53
What does cerebellum do?
Controls rapid, complex movements • Coordinates timing, sequence of movements • Compares actual to intended movements and initiates correction • Accounts for body position, muscle status. • Receives input from primary motor cortex; helps execute and refine movements
54
What does brain stem do?
Relays information (both ways) between brain and spinal cord
55
– Coordinates skeletal muscle function and tone – Controls cardiovascular and respiratory function
Reticular formation
56
Composed of tracts of nerve fibers that permit two-way conduction of nerve impulses Connects CNS to PNS
Spinal cord
57
PNS: Connects to brain from what 43 pairs of nerves
– 12 pairs of cranial nerves (originate from brain) – 31 pairs of spinal nerves (originate from spinal cord) – Both types directly supply skeletal muscles
58
PNS:Transmits information from periphery to brain
Sensory (Afferent) Division
59
Transmits information from brain to periphery
Motor (Efferent) division
60
ANS Division with Fight or flight: Prepares body for exercise
Sympathetic nervous system
61
ANS division with Rest and Digest
Parasympathetic nervous system
62
Fastest mode of response
Motor reflex
63
How does reflex movement occur when touching hot object
Motor reflex being preprogrammed response before conscious awareness
64
Muscle spindles role in controlling muscle contractions
When stretched, it triggers reflex muscle contraction
65
Golgi tendon role in muscle contraction
Reduces injury in resistance exercise Inhibits agonist muscle Sensitive to tendon tension
66
Major Sensory receptors functions (Mechanoreceptor, Thermo, Noci, Photo, Chemo)
• M: pressure, touch, vibrations, stretch • T: temperature • N: pain • P: light (allows for vision) • C: odors, O2, CO2, glucose, electrolytes
67
3 special nerve endings
-Joint kinesthetic receptors -Muscle spindles -Golgi tendon organs
68
Special nerve ending sensitive to -joint angles and rate of change -muscle length, rate of length -tension applied by tendon
Joint kinesthetic receptors Muscle spindles Gogi tendon organs
69
Two divisions of Motor efferent division
– Autonomic: regulates visceral activity – Somatic: stimulates skeletal muscle activity
70
Sensory reception imbedded in tendon
Golgi tendon organs

Kinesiology 3800 (12 decks)

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