Ch.9

Question 1

3 Cardiac responses

Answer 1

Heart rate
Stroke volume
Cardiac output

Question 2

2 vascular responses

Answer 2

Blood pressure
Blood flow

Question 3

Untrained HR rest

Answer 3

60 to 80bpm

Question 4

Traine HR rest

Answer 4

Low as 30 to 40bpm

Question 5

What can affect testing HR? (NTA)

Answer 5

Neural tone, temperature, altitude

Question 6

HR increases above RRHR just before start of exercise

Answer 6

Anticipatory response

Question 7

Decrease in vagal tone

Answer 7

Parasympathetic withdrawal

Question 8

Increase in Catecholamine

Answer 8

Sympathetic stimulation

Question 9

TF: HR during exercise is parallel to exercise intensity

Answer 9

False
Proportional

Question 10

Highest HR achieved in all-out effort to volitional fatigue

Answer 10

Maximum Heart Rate

Question 11

Point of plateu

Answer 11

Steady state Heart Rate

Question 12

TF: If intensity increases, so does steady state HR

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Stroke volume plateaus after increasing ___ VO2max

Answer 13

40-60%

Question 14

What 3 things control stroke volume? (PCA)

Answer 14

Preload
Contractility
Afterload

Question 15

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

Answer 15

Preload

Question 16

The more the ventricles are “stretched” (i.e. greater EDV), the more forceful the contraction

Answer 16

Frank-Starling mechanism

Question 17

Preload: SV increases as ventricular EDV __

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Sympathetic nerve activity that circulates Catecholamine

Answer 18

Cardiac contractility

Question 19

Amount of free calcium in the cytosine

Answer 19

Cardiac contractility

Question 20

Cardiovascular responses that increase stroke volume (IID)

Answer 20

-Increase in Venous Return & Preload
-Increase in Contractility
-Decrease in Afterload

Question 21

Cardiac Output (Q) equation

Answer 21

HR x SV

Question 22

Where does Cardiac Output plateau?

Answer 22

Near VO2max

Question 23

Q normal values (RUT)

Answer 23

– Resting Q
• ~5 L/min
– Untrained Q
•
max ~20 L/min
– Trained Q
•
max >40 L/min

Question 24

What does O2 consumption depend on? (2)

Answer 24

Blood flow to tissue
Amount of O2 extracted by tissue

Question 25

Fick Equation for VO2

Answer 25

VO2 = Q x (a-v)O2 difference

Question 26

What is (a-v)O2 difference?

Answer 26

Arterial O2 - mix d venous O2

Question 27

Resting O2 per 100ml blood

Answer 27

~6mL

Question 28

Max exercise O2 per 100mL blood

Answer 28

~18mL

Question 29

During endurance exercise, Systolic BP __ proportional to exercise intensity

Answer 29

Increase

Question 30

During endurance exercise, Diastolic BP does not change or slightly __

Answer 30

Decreae

Question 31

Resistance training triggers large __ in MAP

Question 32

How high can MAP go during resistance exercise?

Answer 32

480/350mmHg

Question 33

Method that is potentially dangerous but accompanies certain types of exercise

Answer 33

Valsalva maneuver

Question 34

Parts of the Valsalva maneuver

Answer 34

– Close glottis (opening between the vocal cord) – ⬆️Intra-abdominal P (contracting diaphragm) – ⬆️Intrathoracic P (contracting respiratory muscles)

Question 35

Consequences of Valsalva maneuver

Answer 35

Dizziness, disorientation, syncope

Question 36

High pressure from Vm collapse great veins to trigger decrease ___, ___, ___

Answer 36

Venous return Cardiac output (Q) Arterial blood pressure

Question 37

Increase Cardiac Output triggers increase in available blood flow

Answer 37

Blood flow redistribution

Question 38

Shunts blood away from less active regions

Answer 38

Sympathetic vasoconstriction

Question 39

Less active regions that Sympathetic vasoconstriction pulls blood away

Answer 39

Kidneys Splanchnic circulation (liver, pancreas , GI)

Question 40

Permits additional blood flow in exercising muscle

Answer 40

Local vasodilation

Question 41

Local Vasodilation is triggered by __,__ products

Answer 41

Metabolic, endothelial

Question 42

Sympathetic vasoconstriction in muscle offset by local vasodilation

Answer 42

Functional sympatholysis

Question 43

TF: Local vasodilation < neural vasoconstriction

Answer 43

False >

Question 44

Exercise + (other demands for blood) =

Answer 44

Competition for Cardiac Output (Q)

Question 45

Exercise + heat(skin) =

Answer 45

Competition for Q

Question 46

As temperature rises, __ VD also occurs

Answer 46

Skin

Question 47

In skin VD, how can heat be released?

Answer 47

When blood moves close to the skin

Question 48

Cardiovascular drift is associated with increase in __ & __

Answer 48

Core temperature Dehydration

Question 49

Decrease in stroke volume drifts causes (SSV)

Answer 49

Skin blood flow increase Small decrease in plasma volume Venous return decrease

Question 50

During Cardiovascular Drift, HR drifts __ to compensate

Answer 50

Up/increases