Ch.5 Part 2 Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
ACE inhibitor
A
Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension
2
Q
anemia
A
A lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.
3
Q
aneurysm
A
weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.
4
Q
angina
A
severe chest pain because not enough blood get to the heart muscles
5
Q
angioplasty
A
widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel
6
Q
anticoagulant
A
Medication that slows coagulation and prevents further blood clots
7
Q
aplastic anemia
A
loss of all blood components because of bone marrow issue
8
Q
arrhythmia
A
loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
9
Q
atherectomy
A
Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery
10
Q
atheroma
A
A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall
11
Q
atherosclerosis
A
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries
12
Q
atrial fibrillation
A
rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.
13
Q
automated external defibrillator
A
Electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.
14
Q
beta-blocker
A
reduces rate of the heartbeat
15
Q
blood dyscrasia
A
Blood disease
16
Q
bradycardia
A
abnormally slow resting heart rate
17
Q
cardiac arrest
A
event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively
18
Q
cardiac catheterization
A
procedure where a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart
19
Q
cardiomyopathy
A
term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle
20
Q
carotid endarterectomy
A
removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain
21
Q
cholesterol
A
fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.
22
Q
chronic venous insufficiency
A
poor venous circulation because of blockage or leak
23
Q
coronary artery disease
A
Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle
24
Q
coronary thrombosis
A
Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery
25
defibrillation
use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion
26
diuretic
kidney simulative to increase secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
27
electrocardiogram
A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.
28
embolism
The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.
29
embolus
A foreign object, that is circulating in the blood
30
endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
31
erythrocytes
Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow.
32
hemoglobin
The oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythocytes.
33
hemolytic anemia
anemia caused by spleen destruction
34
hemostasis
To stop or control bleeding.
35
leukemia
blood cancer where white blood cells are over produced
36
leukocytes
White blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.
37
leukopenia
too little white blood cells
38
megaloblastic anemia
red blood cells are larger than normal.
39
myelodysplastic syndrome
cancer where bone marrow is unable to produce a type or several types of blood cells
40
myocardial infarction
occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup; commonly known as a heart attack
41
orthostatic hypotension
Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as postural hypotension
42
pericardium
double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
43
pernicious anemia
caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 , which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells
44
phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein.
45
Raynaud’s disease
peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.
46
sepsis
bacterial infection in the blood stream, could cause death
47
sickle cell anemia
genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, some blood cells have a sickle shape that could interfere with bloodflow.
48
tachycardia
An abnormally rapid resting heart rate.
49
temporal arteritis
A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms.
50
thallium stress test
A diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.
51
thrombocytopenia
A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.
52
thrombolytic
Medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up; also known as a clot-busting drug.
53
thrombosis
The abnormal condition of having a thrombus.
54
thrombotic occlusion
The blocking of an artery by a thrombus.
55
thrombus
blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery.
56
transfusion reaction
serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match.
57
valvulitis
Inflammation of a heart valve.
58
varicose veins
Abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.
59
ventricular fibrillation
The rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.
60
ventricular tachycardia
very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles.
61
Congenital heart defects
heart birth defects
62
Congenital
present at birth
63
Coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
64
End-stage coronary artery disease
unrelenting angina pain and a severely limited lifestyle
65
coronary heart disease
aka coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease
66
hardening and narrowing of the arteries because of plaque
atherosclerosis
67
Occlusion
Blockage, normally related to blood vessels
68
opening within vessels through which the blood flows
lumen
69
deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall
atheroma
70
insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues because of restricted blood flow
ischemia
71
lack of oxygen to heart tissue
cardiac ischemia
72
severe episodes of chest pain occur because of lack of blood flow to heart muscles
angina pectoris
73
angina that occurs when exercising, and resolves with rest
Stable angina
74
angina that occurs during rest
Unstable angina
75
sudden lack of blood supply
infarction
76
heart attack
myocardial infarction
77
area of dead tissue cased by lack of blood supply
infarct
78
Backed up fluid
Congestion
79
when the heart is unable to pump out as much as it receives, typically in old people
congestive heart failure
80
state of which heart increases in size to make up for its decreasing pumping action
Cardiomegaly
81
when the heart can't pump out blood away from lungs
Left-sided heart failure
82
backup of fluid in lungs
pulmonary edema
83
fluid buildup throughout the rest of the body
Right-sided heart failure, normally caused by left-sided heart failure
84
inflation of the heart
Carditis
85
Inflation of the interlining of heart
Endocarditis
86
inflation of the inside of the heart caused by bacteria
Bacterial endocarditis
87
inflammation of the pericardium
Pericarditis
88
inflation of heart muscles
Myocarditis
89
Diseases of the heart muscle
Cardiomyopathy
90
When the heart is enlarged and pumps less strongly
Dilated cardiomyopathy
91
abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard in the heart
heart murmur
92
inflammation of a heart valve
Valvulitis
93
abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely
Valvular prolapse
94
narrowing, hardening of a valve
Valvular stenosis
95
is the complete lack of electrical activity in the heart
Asystole
96
heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia
Cardiac arrest
97
when cardiac arrest symptoms are not treated
Sudden cardiac death
98
electrical signal moving through the heart being partially or completely blocked from reaching the ventricles
Heart block
99
episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the atrioventricular (AV) node
Supraventricular tachycardia
100
Ventricular tachycardia
aka V-tach, rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles
101
fibrillation
potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat
102
Most common type of tachycardia, occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall
Atrial fibrillation
103
Palpitation
pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm
104
rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles
Ventricular fibrillation
105
Vasculitis
inflation of blood vessel
106
Polyarteritis
form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time
107
form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms
Temporal arteritis
108
Angiostenosis
abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel
109
hemangioma
benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels
110
Hypoperfusion
deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part
111
Perfusion
flow of blood through the vessels of an organ
112
Arteriosclerosis
any of a group of diseases characterized by thickening and the loss of elasticity of arterial walls
113
Chronic venous insufficiency
a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or to the leakage of venous valves
114
Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
115
blocking of an artery because of a thrombus
thrombotic occlusion
116
thrombus in a deep vain
Deep vein thrombosis
117
disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart and brain
Peripheral vascular diseases
118
Hemochromatosis
when the body absorbs too much iron, and it damages organs
119
Polycythemia
abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow
120
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
Thrombocytopenia
121
Thrombocytosis
an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood
122
transfusion reaction
serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match
123
Iron-deficiency anemia
anemia caused by lack of iron in diet or bleeding.
124
Pernicious anemia
caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin
125
Hemolytic anemia
is characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen (hem/o means relating to blood, and -lytic means to destroy). Hemolytic means pertaining to hemolysis, the breaking down of red blood cells. Although hemolytic anemia can be inherited or acquired, the most common examples are two types that are hereditary: sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
126
Thalassemia
inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal.
127
Essential hypertension
hypertension of unknown cause
128
Secondary hypertension
caused by another issue
129
Malignant hypertension
severely high hypertension
130
Orthostatic hypotension
low highblood pressure when standing up
131
Cardiac catheterization
procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the hear
132
Digital subtraction angiography
uses computer assistance angiography to help see certain areas in the cardiovascular system by separating bones and tissue
133
Duplex ultrasound
ultrasound that is used to see blood and blood vessel activity
134
Venography
radiographic test that provides an image of specific veins after a contrast dye is injected
135
Holter monitor
portable electrocardiograph that is used to monitor heart rates and heart rhythms
136
thallium stress test
thallium is the contrast medium to show how blood pumps through the coronary arteries
137
antihypertensive
medication administered to lower blood pressure
138
Calcium channel blocker agents
blood vessels relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures.
139
Coumadin
warfarin, is anticoagulant
140
Heparin
works faster than coumadin, but needs to be injected
141
Aspirin
taken to prevent clotting
142
hyperlipidemia
high cholesterol
143
Digitalis
used to treat arrhythmia and some heart conditions, make heart contraction slower and harder, and eliminates fluids from the body
144
thrombolytic
clot busting drug
145
Tissue plasminogen activator
thrombolytic that is given to heart attack or stroke victim.
146
vasoconstrictor
causes blood vessels to narrow
147
vasodilator
causes blood vessels to expand
148
Nitroglycerin
vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating the blood vessels to the heart
149
Cardiopulmonary bypass
device sometimes used to maintain the circulation of blood and oxygen to the body during surgery
150
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen
151
Laser angioplasty
involves a laser on the end of a catheter, which uses beams of light to remove the plaque deposit. It can be used separately or in conjunction with PTCA.
152
stent
wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened
153
Restenosis
when an artery that has been opened by angioplasty closes again
154
carotid endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain
155
Coronary artery bypass graft
piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery and to improve the flow of blood to the heart
156
minimally invasive coronary artery bypass
procedure is performed with the aid of a fiber-optic camera through small openings between the ribs
157
artificial pacemaker
This electronic device can be attached externally or implanted under the skin with connections leading into the heart to regulate the heartbeat
158
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
double-action pacemaker
159
Cardiac ablation
procedure that uses radio-frequency energy (heat) or cryoablation (extreme cold) to scar or destroy the heart tissue triggering an abnormal heart rhythm
160
Valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a heart valve
161
Heart valve replacement
surgery to replace one of the heart’s four valves
162
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
fully collapsible replacement valve is delivered to the valve site through a catheter, and after it is expanded within the defective valve, it takes over the function of the valve
163
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPR
164
Compression-only resuscitation
can be effective in keeping a patient suffering from cardiac arrest alive until professional responders arrive
165
aneurysmectomy
surgical removal of an aneurysm
166
aneurysmorrhaphy
surgical suturing of an aneurysm
167
Aneurysm clipping
surgical method to isolate an aneurysm from the rest of the circulatory system by placing a small clip across its neck
168
arteriectomy
surgical removal of part of an artery
169
Plasmapheresis
the removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the blood’s cellular elements
170
A-fib
arterial fibrillation
171
AED
automated external defibrillator
172
ICD
implantable cardioverter–defibrillator
173
card cath, CC
cardiac catheterization
174
CVI
chronic venous insufficiency
175
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
176
CAD
coronary artery disease
177
EKG, ECG
electrocardiogram
178
HTN
hypertension
179
MI
myocardial infarction
180
PAD
peripheral artery disease
181
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
182
TST
thallium stress test
183
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
184
V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
