Ch.5 Structure & Function of...Molecules

Question 0

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds

Answer 0

Polymer

Question 1

A Giant Molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction

Answer 1

Macromolecules

Question 2

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer

Answer 2

Monomer

Question 3

A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction w/o being consumed by the reaction. Most are proteins.

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

A chemical reaction that breaks bonds btwn two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers

Answer 4

Hydrolysis

Question 5

The simplest carb, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides & polysaccharides

Answer 5

Monosaccharides

Question 6

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction

Answer 6

Disaccharides

Question 7

A covalent bond formed btwn two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

Answer 7

Glycosidic Linkage

Question 8

A storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by a glycosidic linkage

Answer 8

Starch

Question 9

A structural polysaccharide of a plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by ß glycosidic linkages

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many Fungal Cell Walls & in the exoskeletons of all the arthropods

Answer 10

Chitin

Question 11

Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, & steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, w/water

Answer 11

Lipids

Question 12

A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called triglyceride

Answer 12

Fats

Question 13

A carboxylic acid w/a long carbon chain. Fatty acids vary in length & in the number & location of double bonds

Answer 13

Fatty Acid

Question 14

A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds

Answer 14

Saturated Fatty Acid

Question 15

Fatty acid that has one or more double bonds btwn carbons in the hydrocarbon tail

Answer 15

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 16

A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids & a phosphate group

Answer 16

Phospholipids

Question 17

A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings w/ various chemical groups attached

Answer 17

Steroids

Question 18

A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes & acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids, such as many hormones.

Answer 18

Cholesterol

Question 19

The covalent bond btwn the carboxyl group on one amino acid & the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction

Answer 19

Peptide Bond

Question 20

A recessively inherited human blood disorder in which a single nucleotide change in the ß- globin gene causes hemoglobin to aggregate, changing the red blood cell

Answer 20

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 21

In proteins, a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds & interactions, thereby becoming biologically inactive

Answer 21

Denaturation

Question 22

An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl & and an amino group. Serves as the monomers of polypeptides

Answer 22

Amino Acid

Question 23

A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins

Answer 23

Nucleic Acid

Question 24

A double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers w/a deoxyribose sugar & the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, & Thymine: A,C,G,T

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

A type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers w/a ribose sugar & the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, & Uracil: A,C,G,U

Answer 25

RNA

Question 26

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base & one or more phosphate groups

Answer 26

Nucleotide

Question 27

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides consisting of Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U)

Answer 27

Pyrimidine

Question 28

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides consisting of Adenine (A) & Guanine (G)

Answer 28

Purine

Question 29

The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape

Answer 29

Double-Helix

Question 30

C6H12O6 Is the most common monosaccharide

Answer 30

Glucose

Question 31

A cardiovascular disease in which fatty deposits called plaques develop in the inner walls of the arteries, obstructing the arteries & causing them to harden

Answer 31

Atherosclerosis

Question 32

One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back & forth

Answer 32

B-Pleaded Sheath

Question 33

A hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose lvls… Liver and Muscle Tissue

Answer 33

Glucagon

Question 34

A strong covalent bond formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer

Answer 34

Disulfide Linkage

Question 35

The particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent subunits, each a polypeptide

Answer 35

Quaternary Structure

Question 36

A coiled region constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding btwn atoms of the polypeptide backbone

Answer 36

Alpha Helix