ch6 Flashcards

Question

Artery Vein Capillary Function ## Footnote **artery vein**: Acts as C___ for B___ **Capillary**: Enables E____ o___ S___

Answer 1

**Artery**: carries, oxygenated, blood, except, pulmonary, artery **Vein**: carries, deoxygenated, blood, except, pulmonary, vein **Capillary**: Enable exchange of substances btwn bloodstream, body cells

Answer 2

From Outermost (Top) to Innermost (Bottom) Connective tissue Smooth Muscle Fibers Elastic Fibers Endothelium

Answer 3

From Outermost (Top) to Innermost (Bottom) Connective tissue **Smooth** **Muscle** (fibers), Elastic Fibers Endothelium SL Valve

Answer 4

- One cell thick wall - forms a branching network

Answer 5

Thick Walls Why? Arteries recieve blood directly, from heart, high pressure need thick walls, withstand high pressure

Answer 6

Elastic fibers, in walls of arteries Why? allow, walls, stretch under high pressure, recoil, propel blood forward, maintaining speed of blood flow

Answer 7

Smooth Muscle fibers, walls of arteries Why? allow vasoconstriction, vasodilation, control distribution blood, different, parts, body

Answer 8

forms a branching network increases surface area to volume ratio, faster rate exchange substances, ## Footnote MEMO imagine the branches of a plant. imagine your legs the complexity of the Creator's making of your capillaries. it looks like branches no, a branching network of branches forms a branching network :)

Answer 9

one-cell think endothelium Why? Reduces distance, substances needing to diffuse, increasing the rate of exchanging of substances

Answer 10

semi-lunar valves Why? blood, transported, low pressure, speed Hence...? valves, prevent, backflow, blood Semi-lunar valves ## Footnote (decreases as travels from arteries -> veins)

Answer 11

Large Lumen Why? Reduce resistance, slow-flowing blood ## Footnote THINK ABOUT IT Air analogy When air pass thru small lumen, you can feel the resistance. But when pass thru rlly big lumen you cannot feel any resistance at all! So, for blood also! When blood pass thru small lumen, there is high resistance. When blood pass thru big lumen, there is reduced resistance! Tada! LINK Since blood pressure and speed is lower in the veins, thats why it needs to pass through a big lumen for reduced resistance of slow-flowing blood

Answer 12

Located Near Skeletal Muscles Muscular contractions push blood back -> heart

Answer 13

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit page 2

Answer 14

Glucose, animo acids transported small intestine -> capillaries ## Footnote THINK ABOUT IT Sucrase Maltase Erepsin Lipase Lactase A lot of the diasacchrides like Lactose would have been digested, and glucose would be the end product (substrate) Erepsin would have digested short polypeptide chains into animo acids. According to SMELL, there are other appropriate answers: fructose may be diffused because sucrase breaks down sucrose into fructose and glucose fatty acids and glycerol are also accepted (lipase)

Answer 15

Dissolved Oxygen ## Footnote **clarification** Co2 Pathway Tissue cells -> blood capillaries -> Tissue fluid -> blood capillaries in the alveoli

Answer 16

Transport substances to, from tissue cells ## Footnote MEMO Its kinda like the mediator between the tissue cells and the capillaries

Answer 17

Oxygen, water, glucose, animo acids (small nutrient molecules) MEMO We will take animo acids and glucose as the default nutrients igig Remember cells at work, how the RBCs transport O2 and clean water bottles Need water and oxygen to survive

Answer 18

LINK Functions of liver - Deanimation of animo acids into urea - Metabolism of Glucose - Detoxification of substances Deanimation: Urea Insulin: Glucose Detoxification: Clean Water Co2 also valid ans

Answer 19

atrial end higher wp, higher hydrostatic bp venous end lower wp, lower hydrostatic bp ## Footnote arteries -> atrial end -> capillaries -> venous end -> veins

Answer 20

**upon reaching Small Intestine,** diffuse out: co2, animo acids, glucose diffuse in: o2, water ## Footnote NOTE small intestine -> hepatic portal vein -> liver -> hepatic vein

Answer 21

Vena Cava -> RA -> (tricuspid valve) RV ->(semi-lumar pulmonary valve) -> pulmonary artery -> Lungs -> pulmonary vein -> (bicuspid valve) -> LA-> LV -> (Semi-Lunar Valve) -> Aorta -> Rest of Body

Answer 22

Coronary arteries, distribute, blood, cardiac, muscles ORIGIN branches, out, from, aorta

Answer 23

1. coronary veins branch out, vena cava 2. transport, deoxygenated blood, from, cardiac, muscles

Answer 24

RA -> RV: Bicuspid valve RV -> LA: Semi-Lunar Pulmonary Valve LA -> LV: Tricuspid valve LV -> Whole body: Semi-Lunar Aortic Valve

Answer 25

**NOTE: SOUND IS CAUSED BY VALVES CLOSING, NOT SYSTOLE/DIASTOLE** First Half of Heartbeat - No sound Atrial Systole + Ventricular Diastole Second Half of Heartbeat - "Lubb" Atrial Diastole + Ventricular Systole Atrioventricular diastole - "Dubb" REPEAT ## Footnote Systole -> Contract Diastole -> Relax

Answer 26

**Move** Blood moves from atrium to ventricle **M**uscles, in walls, atrium, contract **Valves**: - **Pressure (blood)**: Increases above Ventricular Blood pressure ## Footnote During atrioventricular diastole, blood already flow -> ventricles. tricuspid valve alr opened in AV-D phase The sound "lubb" and "Dubb" is only produced when valves are shut, not when the valves open.

Answer 27

**Atrium and Ventricles relaxation and contraction:** Muscles, of the walls of, ventricles, contract **Valves:** *Force* the bi/tri cuspid valves to close "lubb" sound **(Ventricular) Blood pressure** Increases above that of the pulm. artery + aorta **Valves:** Semi-Lunar Valves *forced* open **Movement of Blood** Blood, pumped, into, pulm. artery + aortic arches (*see ventricular blood pressure*) MEMO The sound "lubb" and "Dubb" is only produced when valves are shut, not when the valves open.

Answer 28

**EVENT 1: Backflow + dupp** muscles in walls, atrium, ventricles, relax Blood pressure, ventricles fall below pulmonary artery, aorta, semi-lunar valves close (“dupp” sound). **Event 2: Recieve Blood** Right atrium receives blood from vena cava left atrium receives blood, pulmonary veins ; **Event 3: Blood flow from Atria -> Ventricles** blood pressure, ventricles fall below that, atria, Blood from both atria flow -> ventricles,

Answer 29

Thick walls, compared to atrial walls 1. Atria pumps, short distance, to ventricles 2. Ventricles pumps, long distance, out of heart, rest of body 3. Requires more muscular walls, provide, sufficient force, pump blood

Answer 30

LV walls thicker than RV; 1. RV pumps, short distance, lungs 2. LV pumps, longer distance, rest of the body 3. LV requires more muscular walls, sufficient force, pump blood, rest of the body

Answer 31

Heart Attack

Answer 32

1. Low salt, fat diet 2. Regular exercise 3. Manage, reduce stress 4. Don't smoke tobacco 5. Don't be exposed to second hand smoke

Answer 33

1. High b.p. causes, walls of arteries, stretch, over time, small tears occur in inner walls, of **coronary** arteries 2. tears, promote deposition of fatty material + formation of blood clots, along inner walls, of coronary arteries 3. diet with a high fat content, increase, amount of fatty material in bloodstream, increase risk of deposition of fatty material, along inner walls, of coronary arteries 4. occlusion of coronary arteries, less blood, less oxygen and glucose transported to cardiac muscles 5. muscle cells **unable to respire**, result in muscle death, causing myocardial infarction

Answer 34

double circulatory system

Answer 35

transport medium

Answer 36

Muscles in the walls of the left ventricle

Answer 37

1. lowest 2. highest 3. lowest (reverse of **total SA/cross-surface area**) ## Footnote 1. i mean by itself is very small... its not **exposed** SA, its **total** SA/cross sectional SA. 2. branching network 3. velocity = change in speed of blood. Velocity changes in veins due to SL valves prevent backflow. Velocity changes in arteries due to smooth muscle. But certainly udw sudden changes of speed in a fragile capillary.

ch6 Flashcards

(63 cards)