CH6 - Emotion Flashcards
What is the difference between emotions and moods?
Emotions are brief, last seconds or minutes. They guide our perception of the world and our response to challenges/opportunities in our environment. They can also alter our physiology.
Moods last for hours/days.
Which emotions are expressed the same way across different cultures?
Happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, fear
Why do we have emotions?
Emotions have universal aspects based on evolutionary factors – we’ve got emotions today because they were proved useful in the past. Emotions enable people to respond quickly to a situation and ensure survival.
What are the parallels between human and non-human expressions of emotion?
The display of emotions is shown through body language and there are often parallels between animals and humans.
Ie feeling of embarrassment resembles appeasement displays in other mammals = trigger affiliation = shift gaze down, move the head to the side, touch face
=> make you seem more trustworthy
How did researchers find out cultures vary in focal emotions?
Focal emotion: emotions that are especially common within a particular culture
Take pictures of ppl’s faces expressing 6 different emotions, ask ppl across continents to select 6 terms to best match feeling – accuracy between 70-90% BUT everyone had been exposed to Western culture so low external validity
Why do we show emotions in different ways?
There are different display rules in cultures as for which emotions are valued and how they are expressed. For example, in interdependent cultures, individuals are more likely to suppress their positive emotional expression.
What hormone is responsible for feelings of trust and commitment, and where is it produced?
Oxytocin - it is produced in the hypothalamus and is then released into the bloodstream
What role do emotions play in social interactions?
+ Study example
- Emotions help to enable people to express sincere commitment and strengthen social relationships.
- They also act like a language guiding our social interactions.
- Experience + expression of certain emotions ie pride/anger enable ppl to know the status within a social group
Study:
- Sitting 2 ppl infront of each other w/ curtain separating them
- Toucher touches touchee for 1-2 seconds expressing emotion
- Touchee had to choose which emotion was conveyed from a list of emotions
= reliable + precise form of communication
What hypothesis has the following definition?
Positive emotion broadens thoughts + actions, prompting ppl to see greater similarities between themselves and others and thus building stronger relationships
Broaden-and-build hypothesis
What is the social intuitionist model of moral judgment?
People have fast, emotional intuitions abt right/wrong then rely on reason to make moral judgment ie gut feeling incest is bad
Which parts of processing are put in place during moral and nonmoral dilemmas?
Moral dilemma – activation of regions in the brain involved in emotional processing
Nonmoral dilemma + impersonal – working memory + deliberative reasoning
What are the 5 evolved, universal moral domains from the moral foundation theory?
- Carel harm – concern for suffering of others, esp vulnerable ppl
- Fairness/cheating
- Loyalty/betrayal
- Authority/subversion
- Purity/degradation
What is the definition of happiness?
Combination of life satisfaction + emotional well-being, the tendency to experience more positive emotions than negative
and
emotional well-being – a balance of pos/neg emotions at any moment in time over a given period of time, purely based on the quality of feelings
What is the difference between immune neglect and duration neglect?
🡪immune neglect: a tendency for people to underestimate their capacity to be resilient in responding to difficult life events, which leads them to overestimate the extent to which life’s problems will reduce their personal wellbeing
Based on the idea we have a “psychological immune system”
🡪Duration neglect: giving relative unimportance to the length of an emotional experience, whether pleasurable or unpleasant, in judging and remembering the overall experience.
What concept has the following definition?
Predictions about how life events will influence happiness
Affective forecasting
Tendency to:
- underestimate emotional experience will affect them
- overestimate how much an event would diminish life satisfaction down the line
