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med term: second half > Ch9: urinary system > Flashcards

Ch9: urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

bladder

A

organ where urine collects before being excreted from the body

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2
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

capsule surrounding a glomerulus and serving as a collection site for urine

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3
Q

calices, calyces

A

cup-shaped structures in the renal pelvis for the collection of urine

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4
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of the kidney

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5
Q

creatine

A

substance found in urine; elevated levels may indicate muscular dystrophy

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6
Q

creatinine

A

a component of creatine

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7
Q

filtration

A

process of separating solids from a liquid by passing it through a porous substance

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8
Q

glomerulus

A

group of capillaries in a nephron

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9
Q

hilum

A

portion of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit

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10
Q

kidney

A

organ that forms urine and reabsorbs essential substances back into the bloodstream

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11
Q

meatus

A

external opening of a canal, such as the urethra

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12
Q

medulla

A

soft, central portion of the kidney

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13
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of a kidney

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14
Q

prostate

A

gland surrounding the urethra in the male; active in ejaculation of semen

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15
Q

reabsorption

A

process of returning essential elements to the bloodstream after filtration

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16
Q

renal pelvis

A

collecting area for urine in the center of the kidney

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17
Q

renin

A

enzyme produced in the kidneys to regulate the filtration rate of blood by increased blood pressure as necessary

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18
Q

retroperitoneal

A

posterior to the peritoneum

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19
Q

trigone

A

triangular area at the base of the bladder through which the ureters enter and the urethra exits the bladder

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20
Q

urea

A

waste product of nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine

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21
Q

ureter

A

one of 2 tubes that conduct urine from the kidney to the bladder

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22
Q

urethra

A

tube through which urine is transported from the bladder to the exterior of the body

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23
Q

uric acid

A

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

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24
Q

urinary bladder

A

bladder

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25
urinary system
body system that forms and excretes urine and helps in the reabsorption of essential substances
26
urine
fluid excreted by the urinary system
27
acetone
type of ketone normally found in urine in small quantities; found in larger quantities in diabetic urine
28
albumin
simple protein; when leaked into urine, may indicate a kidney protein
29
bilirubin
substance produced in the liver; elevated levels may indicate liver disease or hepatitis when found in urine
30
casts
materials formed in urine when protein accumulates; may indicate renal disease
31
condom catheter
disposable catheter for urinary sample collection or incontinence
32
cystoscope
tubular instrument for examining the interior of the bladder
33
cystoscopy
the insertion of a cystoscope to examine the bladder with light
34
dialysis
method of filtration used when kidneys fail
35
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breaking of kidney stones by using shock waves from outside the body
36
Foley catheter
indwelling catheter held in place by a balloon that inflates inside the bladder
37
glucose
form of sugar found in the blood; may indicate diabetes when found in the urine
38
hemodialysis
dialysis performed by passing blood through a filter outside the body and returning filtered blood to the body
39
indwelling
of a type of catheter inserted into the body
40
ketone
substance that results from the breakdown of fat; indicates diabetes or starvation when present in the urine
41
kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
x-ray of 3 parts of the urinary system
42
peritoneal dialysis
type of dialysis in which liquid that extracts substances from blood is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and later emptied outside the body
43
pH
measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution such as urine
44
phenylketones
substances that, if accumulated in the urine of infants, indicate phenylketonuria (PKU), a disease treated by diet
45
renogram
radioactive imaging of kidney function after introduction of a substance that is filtered through the kidney while it is observed
46
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray of the bladder and ureters after a contrast medium is injected into the bladder
47
specific gravity
measurement of the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine
48
urinalysis
examination of the properties of urine
49
voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram
x-ray image made after introduction of a contrast medium and while urination is taking place
50
albuminuria
presence of albumin in urine, usually indicative of disease
51
anuria
lack of urine formation
52
atresia
abnormal narrowing, as of the ureters or urethra
53
azotemia
uremia
54
bladder cancer
malignancy of the bladder
55
Bright's disease
inflammation of the glomeruli that can result in kidney failure
56
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
57
cystocele
hernia of the bladder
58
cystolith
bladder stone
59
dysuria
painful urination
60
edema
retention of water in cells, tissues, and cavities, sometimes due to kidney disease
61
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
the last stages of kidney failure
62
enuresis
urinary incontinence
63
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
64
hematuria
blood in the urine
65
hydronephrosis
abnormal collection of urine in the kidneys due to a blockage
66
incontinence
inability to prevent excretion of urine or feces
67
ketonuria
increased urinary excretion of ketones, usually indicative of diabetes or starvation
68
kidney failure
loss of kidney function
69
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
70
nephroblastoma
Wilm's tumor
71
nephroma
any renal tumor
72
nephrosis
disorder caused by loss of protein in the urine
73
nocturia
frequent nighttime urination
74
oliguria
scanty urine production
75
polycystic kidney disease
condition with many cysts on and within the kidneys
76
polyuria
excessive urination
77
proteinuria
abnormal presence of protein in the urine
78
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
79
pyuria
pus in the urine
80
uremia
excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
81
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the urinary tract
82
Wilms' tumor
malignant kidney tumor found primarily in young children; nephroblastoma

med term: second half (15 decks)

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