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AP Tignor 1 > Chap 1 Week 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ana-tomy

A

To cut apart

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Nature of things

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3
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Structure you can see with naked eye

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4
Q

Sulci

A

Folds in grey matter

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5
Q

Gyri

A

Raised areas of brain

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6
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Split that goes down middle

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7
Q

Cerebellum important for

A

Proprioception/movement

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8
Q

Microanatomy

A

Types of cells

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9
Q

Levels of org chemical

A

Atoms>elements>molecules>bio macromolecules>cells>

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10
Q

Polymers

A

Various monomers

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars

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12
Q

Nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

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13
Q

Polysaccharides>glycogen

A

Starch

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14
Q

Glycogen stored in

A

Liver

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15
Q

Glucose, fructose, galactose

A

Monosaccharides

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16
Q

Protein unit is

A

Aminoacid

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17
Q

Types of proteins

A

Functional or structural

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18
Q

Most common protein in body is

A

Collagen

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19
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of macromolecules

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20
Q

Layers of smooth muscle

A

Circular and longitudinal layer

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21
Q

Liquid connective tissues

A

Blood and lymph

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22
Q

Regional anatomy

A

All structures are in one region are examined at the same time

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23
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Body structures are studied system by system

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24
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface

Feel muscles, locate blood vessels, feel pulses and draw blood

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25
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Structures can’t be seen with naked eye

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26
Q

Subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology and histology

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27
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Traces structural changes that occur throughout lifespan

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28
Q

Embryology

A

Developmental changes that occur before birth

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29
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Structural changes caused by disease

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30
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

Internal structures visualized by X ray images or special scanning procedures

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31
Q

Tools for studying anatomy

A

Observation, manipulation,
palpation (in living),
Auscultation (listening with stethoscope)

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32
Q

Palpation

A

Feeling organs with hands

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33
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to organ sounds with stethoscope

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34
Q

Give example of how you can use tools of observation to study anatomy

A

You can look at the joint, seeing how parts work together,

Manipulate joint to determine range of motion,
Name parts and describe how they are related,

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35
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Workings of the nervous system

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36
Q

Why does physiology focus on molecular level?

A

Because body’s abilities depend on those of individual cells. Cells abilities depend on chemical reactions

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37
Q

What a structure can do depends on (complementarity of structure and function)

A

It’s specific form

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38
Q

Give examples of complementarity of structure and function

A

Bones support and protect organs because the have hard mineral deposits. Blood flows in one direction in the heart because of valves

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39
Q

Which subdivision of anatomy studies tissues of the heart?

A

Histology

40
Q

Simplest living creatures are

A

Single cells

41
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of similar cells that have a common function

42
Q

Four basic tissue types in the body

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

43
Q

Epithelial tissue role

A

Covers surface,
Lines cavities,

44
Q

Connective tissue role

A

Supports and protects organs

45
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Rapid internal communication

46
Q

Organ

A

Discrete structure made of at least two tissue types
Has specific function

47
Q

Organ system example

A

Heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system work together to carry oxygen and nutrients

48
Q

All organ systems of the body

A

Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

49
Q

Highest level of organization

A

Organism
Sum of all levels working together to keep us alive

50
Q

Necessary life functions

A

Boundaries
Move
Respond to change
Take in and digest nutrients,
Carry out metabolism,
Dispose waste,
Reproduce,
Grow

51
Q

Catabolism

A

Break apart releases energy

52
Q

Anabolism

A

Put together, need energy

53
Q

Survival needs

A

Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal body temperature
Appropriate atmospheric pressure

54
Q

Plant based foods are richer in, animal foods are richer in

A

Carbs
Vitamins
Minerals

Proteins and fats

55
Q

Why do we need oxygen?

A

Because most reactions that break down food require oxygen

56
Q

Most abundant chemical in the body

A

Water 50-60%

57
Q

Normal body temp

A

37 C or 98.6 F

58
Q

What happens in body temperature is too low? What if too high?

A

Metabolic reactions become slower.

Go at frantic pace

59
Q

What generates most body heat

A

Activity of muscular system

60
Q

Why do we need appropriate atmospheric pressure?

A

Gas exchange between air and lungs depends on appropriate atmospheric pressure

61
Q

Minerals & vitamins are required for

A

Chemical reactions that go on in cells

Also for oxygen transport.

Calcium makes bones hard and helps clotting

62
Q

Why do we need water?

A

Environment for chemical reactions
Base for body secretions and excretions

63
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintain relatively stable internal body conditions

Dynamic equilibrium. Nervous and endocrine most important. Needed for health

64
Q

Communication systems

A

Nervous and endocrine systems

65
Q

Variable

A

Factor or event being regulated.

66
Q

Components that regulate feedback mechanisms are

A

Receptors
Control center
Effector

67
Q

Receptors send info along which pathway

A

Afferent

68
Q

Control center

A

Set point
Determines appropriate response

69
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

Hand moves away from
Painful stimulus like broken glass

70
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms are often called

A

Cascades
Enhancement of labor contractions during birth and blood clotting

71
Q

Homeostatic imbalance

A

Disturbance of the body’s homeostasis

More likely with age

72
Q

Parasaggital planes

A

Offset from mid line, vertical

73
Q

Coronal plane

A

Frontal plane

74
Q

Cross section

A

transverse section

75
Q

Oblique sections are between

A

Horizontal and vertical

76
Q

Parts of the dorsal body cavity

A

Cranial and vertebral

77
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Encases brain

78
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord

79
Q

Parts of ventral body cavity

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

80
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

81
Q

Mediastinum

A

Medial cavity of thorax

82
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Part of stomach goes through diaphragm into thoracic cavity. Stomach acid irritates the esophagus

83
Q

Membranes in the ventral body cavity

A

Visceral and parietal serosa

84
Q

Pleurisy, peritonitis

A

Inflammation of pleura,
Inflammation of peritoneum.

Serous membranes inflamed, stick together and drag across each other. Excruciating pain

85
Q

Regions of abdomen

A
86
Q

The immune system is closely associated with which system?

A

Lymphatic system

87
Q

Survival requirements include

A

Nutrients
Water
Oxygen
Appropriate temp
Appropriate atmospheric pressure

88
Q

Positive feedback mechanism

A

Effector enhances initial stimulus

89
Q

Crural

A

Relating to leg or thigh

90
Q

Olecranal

A

Behind the elbow joint

91
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

92
Q

Sural

A

Calf

93
Q

Antecubital

A

Front surface of forearm

94
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

95
Q

Peroneal

A

Outer side of calf

96
Q

Caudal

A

Inferior

97
Q

How are anatomy and physiology connected?

A

Anatomy is created for certain functions or physiology and physiology depends on anatomy

AP Tignor 1 (29 decks)

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