Chap 12

Question 1

3 main functions of NS

Answer 1

• sensory input
• integration
• motor output

Question 2

2 main cell types that make up nervous tissue

Answer 2

neurons and supporting tissue

Question 3

Receptors (sensory input)

Answer 3

stimulate sensory neuron to send to signal to spinal cord

Question 4

This signal (integration)

Answer 4

recieved by interneuron which conveys signal to motor neuron

Question 5

The Motor Neuron (motor output)

Answer 5

send signal to muscle or gland

Question 6

Cervical Enlargement supplies nerves to

Answer 6

shoulder and upper limb

Question 7

Lumbar Enlargement supplies nerves to

Answer 7

lower ribs

Question 8

spinal cord grows until age ?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

Bone and vertebrae

Answer 9

protects back

Question 10

Within vertebral canal

Answer 10

3 layers of spinal meninges

• Pia mater
• Arachnoid Mater
• Dura Mater

Question 11

Pia mater

Answer 11

“gentle mother”

-clings to surface of spinal cord and blood vessels

Question 12

Arachnoid trabeculae

Answer 12

loose covering

Question 13

Arachnoid membrane

Answer 13

simple squamous epithelia next to dura mater

Question 14

Subarachnoid space

Answer 14

deep to the arachnoid mater

Question 15

Dura mater

Answer 15

“tough mother”

-dense collagen fibres

Question 16

Gray commissures contain

Answer 16

Axons that cross from one side of the cord to the other

Question 17

Anterior Horn

Answer 17

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

Question 18

Lateral Horn

Answer 18

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

Question 19

Posterior Horn

Answer 19

cell bodies of interneurons

Question 20

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Answer 20

a collection of cell bodies for the incoming sensory neurons

Question 21

White matter is divided into 3 columns

Answer 21

• Posterior
• Lateral
• Anterior

Question 22

Posterior Column

Answer 22

contains ascending tracts

Question 23

lateral Column

Answer 23

contains both ascending and descending tracts

Question 24

Anterior Column

Answer 24

contains both ascending and descending tracts

Question 25

3 layers of CT in spianl nerves

Answer 25

1. Epineurium 2. Perineurium 3. Endoneurium

Question 26

Endoneurium wraps

Answer 26

axon

Question 27

Perineurium wraps

Answer 27

axons bundled up called fascicles

Question 28

Epineurium wraps

Answer 28

fascicle groups

Question 29

Dermatome is a specific region of ___ monitored by a single pair of spinal nerves

Answer 29

skin

Question 30

Myotome is a specific region of ___ monitored by a single pair of spinal nerves

Answer 30

Muscle

Question 31

Clinical Significance

Answer 31

location of loss of sensation or motor control can help locate area of damage

Question 32

spinal nerve branches to form the

Answer 32

dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

Question 33

ventral rami form 4 extensively branched complexes called

Answer 33

plexuses

Question 34

plexuses from..

Answer 34

- 2 from cervical region (cervical and brachial plexuses) - 1 from lumbar - 1 from sacral

Question 35

Spinal nerves branch and some interwine to form complex networks =

Answer 35

plexuses

Question 36

Brachial Plexus innervates

Answer 36

pectoral girdle and upper limb

Question 37

Cervical Plexus innervates

Answer 37

neck and diaphragm

Question 38

Lumar and Sacral plexus innervate

Answer 38

pelvic girlde and lower limb

Question 39

Neural pools

Answer 39

functional groups of interconnected neurons

Question 40

Divergence

Answer 40

spreads stimulations | -ex. visual info ditributed to diff parts of brain

Question 41

Convergence

Answer 41

provides input | -ex. breath control

Question 42

Serial processing

Answer 42

neurons or pools work sequentially | -

Question 43

Parallel processing

Answer 43

neurons or pools process info simultabeously | -ex. pain in foot

Question 44

Reverberation

Answer 44

to function until synaptic fatigue or inhibitory stimuli | -ex. normal breathing

Question 45

Reflex responeses

Answer 45

automatically

Question 46

Facilitation

Answer 46

not automatically

Question 47

Excessive tension in tendon stimulates

Answer 47

inhibition of motor neuron- prevents damage to tendon