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HK 190 > Chap 3 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Cycle

A

where cells divide, and specialize

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2
Q

3 Phases of Cell Cycle

A
  • Mitosis phase
  • g1/ g2 phases
  • S phase
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3
Q

Mitosis

A
  • cell dives into 2 daughter cells

- division of somatic cells

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4
Q

g1 and g2 phase

A

cell growth and prep for mitosis

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5
Q

S phases

A

DNA replicated

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6
Q

Plasma Membrane Bilayer composed of:

A
  • phospholipids
  • cholesterol
  • proteins
  • glycoproteins & glycolipids
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7
Q

Lipid bilayer maintain an internal environment, that is separate from exterior of the cell =

A

selective permeability

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8
Q

Proteins can serve as:

A
  • anchors
  • receptors
  • channels
  • enzymes
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9
Q

Types of Membrane Proteins

A
  • Ion channel
  • Carrier
  • Receptor
  • Enzyme
  • Linker
  • Cell identity
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10
Q

Ion Channel protein

A

Allows specific ions to move through water-filled pore

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11
Q

Carrier protein

A

transports substances across membrane by changing shape

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12
Q

Receptor protein

A

alters cell function

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13
Q

Enzyme protein

A

catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell

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14
Q

Linker proteins

A

Anchors filaments providing structural stability and shape for cell

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15
Q

4 modes of transport through membrane

A

Diffusion, Filtration, Carrier-mediated transport, vesicular transport

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16
Q
  1. Diffusion (passive = no ATP required)
A
  • movement of ions across mebrane

- lipid-soluble

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17
Q

Osmosis (passive)

A

-movement of water across membrane

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18
Q
  1. Filtration (passive)
A

hydrostatic pressure forces water/ small molecules across membrane

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19
Q
  1. Carrier-mediated transport (passive)
A

a) facilitated diffusion
b) primary active transport
c) secondary active transport

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20
Q

a) facilitated diffusion (passive)

A
  • movement of molecules down concentration gradient
  • requires transporter for movement across plasma membrane
  • transport rate = # of transporters
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21
Q

b) primary active transport (active)

A
  • movement of molecules across membrane

- low to high concentation

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22
Q

c) secondary active trasport (active)

A
  • Na+/ K+ pump used to trasfer molecules

- ATP used secondary

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23
Q
  1. Vesicle Trasport
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Endocytosis:
  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Exocytosis
24
Q

Endocytosis

Study These Flashcards
A

process of transporting subtances across plasma membrance via vesicle

25
Phagocytosis
"cell eating" (type of endocytosis)
26
Pinocytosis
"cell drinking" (type of endocytosis)
27
Exocytosis
subtance exported out of cell via vesicle
28
Cytoplasm consits of:
- cytosol - organelles - inclusions
29
Cytoskeleton consists of:
- microfilaments | - microtubules
30
Microvilli
increases cells surface are by: - abosorption of nutrients - collecting sound waves - taste/ smell receptors
31
Cilia
- Movement | - made of microtubules
32
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- synthesis: proteins, carbs, lipids - storage - transport - detox
33
Golgi Body/ Apparatus
processes/ packages proteins and lipids
34
Lysosomes
digest
35
Secretory vesicles
horomones and proteins for export
36
Membrane renewal vesicles
lipids and proteins for membrane repair
37
Ribosomes
synthesize and release new proteins
38
Rough ER
- modifies/ folds proteins | - manufactures phopholipids
39
Smooth ER
sythesizes lipids
40
Nucleus - largest organelle - CONTAINS
- DNA - Nuclear envelope - Nuclear lamina -> supports shape - nuclear poles -> allows diffusion of small molecules - nucleolus -> ribosome synthesis
41
DNA replication occurs in what phase
S phase
42
DNA polymerase joins ____ together in the 5' and 3' direction
nucleotides
43
Nuclues Primary Function
store and express our genetic info.
44
Transcription
DNA is transcribed into mRNA
45
Translation
mRNA translated into protein
46
3 phases of translation
- Initation - Elongation - Termination
47
Initation
ribsome assembles around mRNA and 1st tRNA attaches
48
Elongation
- 2nd tRNA binds to next codon | - 1st tRNA transfers an amino acid to the amino acid on 2nd tRNA
49
Termination
when a stop codon is reached, ribosome releases polypeptide
50
Proteins
- basic structural material of body | - made up of amino acids
51
Amino Acids
linked 'head-to-tail' by peptide bond = polypeptides + proteins
52
Protein Synthesis
DNA ---transcription--> RNA ----translation--->Protein
53
20 amino acids =
complete protein
54
Nitrogen balance
- nitrogen enters body via amino acids | - leaves body via urea in urine
55
Synthesizing greater amounts of protein =
positive nitrogen balance
56
Breaking down greater amounts of protein =
negative nitrogen balance

HK 190 (12 decks)

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