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PS102 > chap 13: social psych > Flashcards

chap 13: social psych Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

studies how to understand thoughts, feelings, behaviours influenced by actual, imagined, implied presence of others

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2
Q

social cognition

A

how ppl perceive, interpret, categorize own and others behaviour

attitudes: stable in evaluation of things/ppl
- develop via socialization w parents, teachers, peers

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3
Q

ABCs model of attitudes

A

affective component: how we feel towards obj

behavioural comp: how we act towards obj

cognitive comp: how we believe abt obj

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4
Q

self perception theory

A

when ppl are uncertain abt attitudes, infer attitudes based on own behaviour

i.e. think awake until yawn, then tired

behaviour –> interpretation –> attitudes

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5
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

state of emotional discomfort when 2 beliefs contradict w e/o or a belief contradicts behaviour

person changes belief to justify actions

given $1 vs $20
- 20 ppl have less dissonance bcs less justification
- 1 ppl have inc dissonance, therefore begin to BELIEVE it was interesting to justify selves

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6
Q

attitude strength

A

stronger attitude = more predictable behaviour

i.e. vegan advocate, will go to protest

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7
Q

attitude specificity

A

more specific and attitude, more likely to predict behaviour

i.e. like ateez, will download music

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8
Q

implicit attitudes

A

attitude you’re unaware of i.e. bias

actions show it regardless of vocal belief

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9
Q

bogus pipeline technique

A

ppl hooked up to “lie detector” more likely to tell truth about attitudes

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10
Q

social desirability

A

state attitude that mirrors others or what you think they want from you

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11
Q

stereotypes vs prejudice

A

prejudice
- -ve and unjust feelings abt individs based on inclusion in group

stereotype
- oversimplified and generalized beliefs abt ppl

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12
Q

why do we sterotype/prejudice

A
  1. categorization effect: we categorize things based on similarity
  2. evolutionary perspective: may be adaptive value i.e. friend v foe
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13
Q

social identity theory

A

emphasis on cog factors of prejudice

  1. social categorization: person affiliates w group, sees how to act
  2. social identity: person forms identity w/in group
  3. social comparison: group members compares group favourably compared to others, feel superior
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14
Q

realisitc conflict theory

A

amount of actual conflicts b/w groups i.e. resource comp, determines amount of prejudice

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15
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

focus on superficial info to change attitudes i.e. attraction to speaker

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16
Q

central route persuasion

A

focus on content, factual info and logic to change attitudes`

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17
Q

factors that inc persuasion

A
  • source is trustworthy
  • source is similar to us
  • presents both sides of case
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18
Q

appeals to fear

A

make it seem like smth bad will happen if don’t comply
- needs reputable source, explicit recommendation of what to do to prevent bad thing

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19
Q

door in the face

A

ask smth big that will get turned down, then ask for small thing rlly wanted

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20
Q

foot in the door

A

agree to smth small before asking for smth bigger

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21
Q

dispositional attribution

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A

behaviour was caused by characteristic of person i.e. rude bcs mean person

22
Q

attribution

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A

causal explanations of behaviour

23
Q

situational attribution

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A

behaviour caused by situation

i.e. rude bcs bad day

24
Q

actor-observer effect

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A

tend to make situational attributions abt own behaviour and dispositional towards others

  • actors (us) w situational
  • observers (others) w dispositional

excuse own actions bcs circumstance and hold others accountable

25
fundamental attribution error
tend to use dispositional attributions to explain others
26
self-serving bias
tend to attribute success to dispositional causes and failures to situational causes - may be for self-esteem
27
depressive realism
depressed ppl have more realistic self image
28
negative effect
ppl are limited by social role
29
social role
set of norms for person's social position can be communal characteristics i.e. women must all act a certain way
30
injunctive norm
expectations of what must do i.e. signs saying don't litter
31
descriptive norm
based on expectations of what we do i.e. don't litter at museum w/o instructions
32
conformity
tendency to yield to social pressure - influenced by group size and unanimity: if even one person disagrees, less likely to conform
33
asch studies
supposed to match 3 lines to one on other paper - start all giving correct answer, then group gives wrong one - 75% conforms
34
conformity and culture
individ cultures: think conformity bad, want to stand out and have own identity collective cultures: blending in = good, conforming is respecting others
35
obedience
following direct demands, usually given by authority figures
36
milgram experiment
see how ppl obey authority, even when hurting others - person w lab coat, participant is "teacher," actor is "leaner" - teacher gives electric shock to learner if get answer wrong -65% go to deadly dangerous lvls, all went min 300 votls
37
follow ups to milgram experiment
1. salience of victim's suffering: more obvious suffering is, less likely to obey - i.e. see face 2. proximity to victim: if in same room, less likely 3. responsibility: if have to put learner's hand on electrode, less likely 4. presence of disobedient person: if other ppl refuse to continue, will also stop
38
types of group tasks and productivity
1. additive task: all members perform same task i.e. relay race - productivity inc w more members 2. divisible task: divided among members i.e. project - inc if have leader 3. conjunctive task: group is as productive as weakest member i.e. hike - productivity based on group strength 4. disjunctive task: single solution needed, strongest member gives solution i.e. rlly hard math problem
39
group polarization
initial attitudes inc in group, ppl get more extreme in views - in large groups, ppl w sim groups join tgt and ignore others
40
egoistic helping behaviour
help to reassure self or dec anxiety/guilt - can also be for rewards
41
altruism
self-sacrificing behaviour to benefit others w/o concern for self
42
bystander effect
more help available, less likely to receive it diffusion of responsibility: responsibility shared in large group, assume someone else will help
43
aggression and alcohol
aggro inc, even if THINK had alcohol i.e. placebo
44
relational vs direct aggression
relation aggression: snub, gossip, exclude to vent frustration - inc in women direct aggression: phys and verbal abuse - inc in men
45
process of attraction
cog aspects we like of person affectively experience feelings behaviourally act towards person
46
factors of liking someone
1. similarity, if similar like LONGER 2. proximity 3. self-disclosure, like ppl who share info and will give it in return 4. situational factors i.e. funny 1st meeting 5. phys attractiveness
47
sternberg's triangular theory of love
3 factors: commitment, intimacy, passion companiote love: high commitment and intimacy fatuous love: high commitment and passion romantic love: high intimacy and passion consummate love: high all 3
48
types of relationships and attachments
secure: comfortable, don't fear being close or abandoned avoidant: uncomfortable trusting others anxious-ambivalent: insecure and worried partner doesn't love them, will leave
49
stages of loving relationship
exploration: trying possible rewards/costs of relationship bargaining: implicitly negotiate relationship terms institutionalization: become exclusive, shared expectations
50
brain involvement in social functioning
orbitofrontal cortex: social reasoning, reward eval, emotion and reading ppl ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC): process rewards and punish, interpret non-verbal info insula: empathy and reading others insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC): perception of phys and emotional pain

PS102 (9 decks)

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