chap 14: health psych Flashcards
(43 cards)
biophysical model in health psych
influenced by bio, psych, social environ
covid 3rd leading cause of death
ACEs
adverse childhood experiences: survey abt phys, verbal, sexual abuse, phys and emotional neglect
- also family members: susb abuse, jail time, divorce, mental illness
if ACE score high, greater risk phys and psych disorders
- adopt risky behaviours, disease, disrupted neurodevelopment
acute vs chronic stressor
acute stressors: have definite endpoint i.e. exam
chronic stressors: LT, lacking endpoint i.e. poverty
our appraisal and perception of situations triggers emotional response
pressure
expectations to perform in certain way or conform
conflict
discomfort when 2+ goals are perceived as incompatible
types of conflict
approach-approach conflict: 2 equally desirable options
avoidance-avoidance: 2 equally bad options
approach-avoidance: choice has both good and bad qualities, i.e. go to movie, don’t study
feeling endangered
temp or LT stress, i.e. trapped in fire, car nearly crashes
change
some ppl more troubled y change than others, more change = more risk of illness
life changes: shifts that need adjustments, even positive ones i.e. marriage
traumatic events
unexpected events that cause extreme disruption
chronic -ve situations
i.e. living thru war, chronic illness
socio-cultural conditions
i.e. stress bcs of racism, misogyny
tend-and-befriend response
women have more social network, more likely to rely on social support to cope w stress than men
flight or fight response
physio response in sympathetic nervous system
pathway 1: SNS
- adrenal medulla activates, releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine
- cause inc hr, blood pressure, dec digestion
pathway 2: hypothalamic axis (HPA)
- stimulates pituitary gland, releases ACTH
- stims adrenal cortex to release cortisol
- inc blood sugar, metabolism
pathways occur simultaneously
prim vs secondary appraisal
primary appraisal: determine severity of stressor
secondary appraisal: appraise person’s resources and ability to cope
can result in threat or challenge appraisal
autonomic reactivity and stress
diffs in autonomic nervous system impacts rxns to stress
i.e. either high/low cardiovascular activity in response to stress
optimistic brand of pessimism
hope for best, prepare for worst
defensive pessimism
expect -ve outcome, prepare self to protect self
secretly want best, therefore some optimism
explanatory style
way of appraising/interpreting things, can be optimistic or pessimistic
hardy/stress resistant personality
welcome challenge, take control and view stressor as growth
type a
hostile, competitive, continuous stress
type b
relaxed, less hostile, dec stress
type c
don’t acknowledge -ve emotions, vulnerable to stress, internalize feelings
type d
-ve feelings like worry, gloominess, “distressed”
self-defense
avoidant, defensive behaviours to protect self i.e. pretending everyone else did as bad as uou
