chapt 1 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
integumentary system
A
- external body covering
- skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails
- protects deep tissues from injury
- synthesizes vitamin D
- houses cutaneous(pain pressure) receptors
2
Q
skeletal system
A
- composed of bone, cartilage and ligaments
- protects and supports body organisms
- provides framework for muscles
- site of blood cell formation (bone)
3
Q
muscular system
A
- composed of muscles and tendons
- allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression
- maintains posture
- produces heat
4
Q
nervous system
A
- composed of brain, spinal column, and nerves
- fast acting control system of the body
- responds to stimuli and activating muscle and glands
5
Q
endocrine system
A
-glands secrete hormones that regulate procedures such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism
6
Q
cardiovascular system
A
- composed of heart and blood vessels
- heart pumps blood
- blood vessels transport blood (carries O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, etc.) throughout body
7
Q
lymphatic system
A
- composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels
- picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
- disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
- houses white blood cells involved with immunity
8
Q
respiratory system
A
- composed of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
- keeps blood supplied with O2 and removes CO2 (occurs through walls of the air sacs
9
Q
digestive system
A
- composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver
- breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood
- eliminates indigestible foodstuffs and feces
10
Q
urinary system
A
- composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
- eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
- regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the blood
11
Q
organ systems working together
A
- integumentary system:protects body from external environment
- digestive and respiratory system:
12
Q
maintaining boundaries
A
- internal environment remains distinct from the external environment
- cell lvl: plasma membrane
- organismal lvl: skin
13
Q
movement
A
- locomotion, propulsion, and contractility
- skeletal and muscular system
14
Q
responsiveness/excitability
A
- ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them
- nervous system
15
Q
digestion
A
- breakdown of ingested foodstuffs
- digestive system
16
Q
metabolism
A
- chemical reactions that occur in the body
- digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and respiratory system
17
Q
reproduction
A
- cellular(cell division) and organismal levels (sperm and egg)
- reproductive and endocrine systems
18
Q
growth
A
increase size of body part of of the organism
19
Q
ultimate goal
A
maintain life
20
Q
nutrients
A
needed for energy and cell building
21
Q
oxygen
A
necessary for metabolic reactions
22
Q
water
A
provides the necessary environment for chem reactions
23
Q
normal body temp
A
necessary for chemical reactions to occur at life sustaining rates
24
Q
atmospheric pressure
A
required for proper breathing and gas exchange in the lungs
25
homeostasis
ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world
26
interdependent components of control mechanisms
receptor, control center, effector
27
receptor
monitors the environments and responds to changes (stimuli)
28
control center
determines the set point at which the variable is maintained
29
effector
provides the means to respond to stimuli
30
negative feedback
output shuts of the original stimulus
| ex) regulation of room temp
31
positive feedback
output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
32
homeostatic imbalance
results in disease. imbalance increases as we age. can be caused by overwhelming the negative feedback negative feedback, causes destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over.
33
anatomical position
body facing forward, palms out, feet slightly apart
34
superior
toward the head
35
inferior
away from head
36
anterior
toward front of body
37
posterior
toward back of body
38
medial
toward midline
39
lateral
away from midline
40
intermediate
between a more medial and lateral structure
41
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part
42
distal
farther from the origin of the body part
43
superficial
toward the body surface
44
deep
away from body surface
45
nasal
nose
46
oral
mouth
47
cervical
neck
48
frontal
forehead
49
orbital
eye
50
buccal
cheek
51
mental
chin
52
acromial
point of shoulder
53
axillary
armpit
54
abdominal
abdomen
55
brachial
arm
56
antecubital
front of elbow
57
antebrachial
forearm
58
pelvic
pelvis
59
carpal
wrist
60
pollex
thumb
61
palmer
palm
62
digital
fingers
63
sternal
breastbone
64
thoracic
chest
65
mammary
breast
66
umbilical
navel
67
patellar
anterior knee
68
crural
leg
69
pedal
foot
70
tarsal
ankle
71
digital
toes
72
coxal
hip
73
inguinal
groin
74
femoral
thigh
75
fibular/ peroneal
side of leg
76
hallux
great toe
77
axial
head, neck and trunk
78
appendicular
appendages
79
sagittal
divides body into left and right parts
80
midsagittal or medial
sagittal plane that lies on the midline
81
frontal or coronal
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
82
transverse or horizontal
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
83
oblique
cuts made diagonally
84
dorsal cavity
protects nervous system. divided into cranial and vertebral
85
cranial cavity
skull, encases brain
86
vertebral cavity
runs within the vertebral column, encase spinal cord
87
ventral vavity
houses internal organs and divided into subdivisions(thoracic and abdominopelvic)
88
serosa
thin double layered membrane that lies the walls on ventral body cavity and outer surface of the organs
89
parietal serosa
lines internal body walla
90
visceral serosa
covers internal organs
91
serious fluid
fluid b/w the serosae
