CHAPT 5 QUIZ Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
- What are the three norms of morality according to Traditional Ethics?
A. Justice, Equality, Responsibility
B. Conscience, Natural Law, Eternal Law
C. Faith, Hope, Charity
D. Rationality, Emotion, Instinct
A
B. Conscience, Natural Law, Eternal Law
2
Q
- What is considered the proximate norm of morality in traditional ethics?
A. Natural Law
B. Eternal Law
C. Conscience
D. Human Rights
A
C. Conscience
3
Q
- Which type of conscience gives a judgment before an action is done?
A. Consequent
B. Lax
C. Antecedent
D. Certain
A
C. Antecedent
4
Q
- According to Kant, moral law is:
A. Based on tradition
B. Based on emotions
C. A priori and universal
D. Relative and situational
A
C. A priori and universal
5
Q
- The Categorical Imperative is associated with:
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
C. Machiavelli
D. Immanuel Kant
A
D. Immanuel Kant
6
Q
6.What does Machiavelli’s principle “The end justifies the means” suggest?
A. Consequences don’t matter
B. Any action is acceptable if the outcome is good
C. Always act with virtue
D. Laws must be followed
A
B. Any action is acceptable if the outcome is good
7
Q
7.Utilitarianism emphasizes:
A. The intention behind an action
B. The moral law
C. The greatest good for the greatest number
D. The commandments of God
A
C. The greatest good for the greatest number
8
Q
- Who are the two major proponents of utilitarianism?
A. Hobbes and Locke
B. Socrates and Plato
C. Bentham and Mill
D. Kant and Hume
A
C. Bentham and Mill
8
Q
9.According to Bentham, utility is measured by:
A. Obedience
B. Reason
C. Pleasure or happiness
D. Experience
A
C. Pleasure or happiness
9
Q
- According to Thomas Hobbes, what is necessary to avoid chaos?
A. Collective happiness
B. A strong authority figure
C. Individual freedom
D. Ethical relativism
A
B. A strong authority figure
10
Q
- Divine Command Theory bases morality on:
A. Human Nature
B. Experience
C. Commands from a divine being
D. Scientific evidence
A
C. Commands from a divine being
11
Q
- Socrates believed that virtue is:
A. Irrelevant to knowledge
B. Not teachable
C. Identical with knowledge
D. Based on emotions
A
C. Identical with knowledge
12
Q
13 According to Plato, which part of the soul represents reason?
A. Spirit
B. Appetite
C. Instinct
D. Reason
A
D. Reason
13
Q
- Aristotle’s virtue ethics is centered around:
A. Consequences
B. Moral law
C. The Golden Mean
D. Divine will
A
C. The Golden Mean
14
Q
- What does Aristotle’s “Golden Mean” suggest?
A. Avoid all desires
B. Choose extremes
C. Find balance between extremes
D. Follow tradition blindly
A
C. Find balance between extremes
15
Q
- Who among the following philosophers focused on psychology and religion in their pragmatism?
A. James Dewey
B. Charles Sanders Peirce
C. William James
D. Immanuel Kant
A
C. William James
16
Q
- What is William James’ main test for truth?
A. Rational proof
B. Religious experience
C. Practical cash value
D. Legal recognition
A
C. Practical cash value
17
Q
- Who emphasized the use of education to promote moral progress?
A. Peirce
B. Dewey
C. Hobbes
D. Socrates
A
B. Dewey
18
Q
- The Machiavellian principle can result in:
A. Ethical leadership
B. High employee morale
C. Sacrifice of values for success
D. Obedience to divine command
A
C. Sacrifice of values for success
19
Q
- Kantian ethics regards humans as:
A. Tools for production
B. Means to an end
C. Ends in themselves
D. Motivated by pleasure
A
C. Ends in themselves
20
Q
- Divine Command Ethics often leads to:
A. Democratic decision-making
B. Situational ethics
C. Fundamentalism
D. Subjectivism
A
C. Fundamentalism
21
Q
- Conscience that sees evil where there is none is called:
A. Lax
B. Certain
C. Scrupulous
D. Doubtful
A
C. Scrupulous
22
Q
- Which philosopher believed “no one commits an evil act knowingly”?
A. Kant
B. Socrates
C. Hobbes
D. James
A
B. Socrates
23
Q
- Which ethical theory is concerned with laws and authority?
A. Divine Command
B. Kantian
C. Moral Positivism
D. Utilitarianism
A
C. Moral Positivism
24
25. A judgment after an act is called:
A. Antecedent conscience
B. Consequent conscience
C. Erroneous conscience
D. Scrupulous conscience
B. Consequent conscience
25
26. What is the ultimate norm of morality?
A. Human Law
B. Eternal Law
C. Natural Law
D. Corporate Law
B. Eternal Law
26
27. Dewey's version of pragmatism is called:
A. Existentialism
B. Instrumentalism
C. Hedonism
D. Rationalism
B. Instrumentalism
27
28. What is a business application of Utilitarianism?
A. Following God's commands
B. Evaluating pleasure
C. Cost-benefit analysis
D. Obeying legal authorities
C. Cost-benefit analysis
28
29. Aristotle's concept of happiness is:
A. Pleasure
B. Wealth
C. Eudaimonia
D. Fame
C. Eudaimonia
29
30. Plato's moral conflict results from:
A. Lack of power
B. Irrational part of the soul
C. Ignorance of laws
D. Divine will
B. Irrational part of the soul
30
31. What does moral positivism emphasize?
A. Virtue
B. Pleasure
C. Law and authority
D. Practical value
C. Law and authority
31
32. According to Divine Command Theory, moral norms come from:
A. Reason
B. Science
C. God or exemplary figures
D. Nature
C. God or exemplary figures
32
33. Pragmatism says an idea is true if:
A. Everyone agrees
B. It follows religious teachings
C. It has practical results
D. It feels right
C. It has practical results
33
34. For Kant, moral actions are judged by:
A. Their outcomes
B. Their motives and principles
C. Social approval
D. Religious adherence
B. Their motives and principles
34
35. What is a flaw of Divine Command Theory?
A. Too much reliance on reason
B. Subjectivity
C. No exception clause
D. Encourages free thinking
C. No exception clause
35
36. The conscience that always doubts is:
A. Certain
B. Doubtful
C. Scrupulous
D. Erroneous
B. Doubtful
36
37. Which philosopher argued democracy would fail due to human selfishness?
A. Socrates
B. Hobbes
C. Mill
D. Kant
B. Hobbes
37
38. An act is moral for utilitarians if it:
A. Comes from divine will
B. Is rational
C. Has good consequences
D. Obeys laws
C. Has good consequences
38
39. Who believed that practical application determines truth or should yield to desirable and predicable consequences?
A. Plato
B. Immanuel Kant
C. James Dewey
D. Thomas Hobbes
C. James Dewey
39
40. Conscience that falsely sees good as bad is:
A. True
B. Lax
C. Erroneous
D. Certain
C. Erroneous
40
1. Ethics only deals with what is right and wrong, not with how we ought to behave.
False
41
2. Antecedent conscience occurs before an action is done.
True
42
3. Kant believed that consequences are more important than motives.
False
43
4. Utilitarianism is primarily concerned with maximizing personal happiness.
False
44
5. Jeremy Bentham believed in maximizing pleasure for the greatest number.
True
45
6. Socrates stated that people knowingly commit evil.
False
46
7. Aristotle's Golden Mean suggests choosing extremes in behavior.
False
47
8. Machiavellianism promotes the idea that ethics must always be followed.
False
48
9. Divine Command Theory is dependent on belief in a divine being.
True
49
10. Hobbes thought people would live peacefully without government.
False
50
11. William James emphasized the cash value of truth.
True
51
12. Dewey's version of pragmatism was focused on theoretical analysis only.
False
52
13. The conscience is the ultimate norm of morality.
False
53
14. Kant's ethics promote treating humans as ends, not as means.
True
54
15. Lax conscience is overly cautious and sees evil where there is none.
False
55
16. A strong authority is unnecessary in a Hobbesian system.
False
56
17. Virtue Ethics is rooted in developing good character.
True
57
18. Plato believed appetite guides the soul toward virtue.
False
58
19. Business ethics is concerned only with maximizing profits.
False
59
20. Pragmatism connects thought with action.
True
