Chapter 1

Question 1

What must a good hypothesis do and be?

Answer 1

Make predictions and be falsifiable

Question 2

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 2

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

Question 3

What are the segments of DNA that govern an organism’s characteristics?

Answer 3

genes

Question 4

What does a genome store the info to produce?

Answer 4

proteome

Question 5

Eukarya

Answer 5

uni or multicellular eukaryotes

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

unicellular prokaryotes that inhabit most environments

Question 7

Archaea

Answer 7

unicellular prokaryotes that inhabit extreme environments

Question 8

What is genomics the study of?

Answer 8

DNA sequences

Question 9

What is the role of most genes?

Answer 9

To encode mRNAs to produce proteins

Question 10

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 10

two part scientific names

Question 11

What is each part a binomial nomenclature for?

Answer 11

1st part- genus

2nd part- species

Question 12

Why is genome critical to life?

Answer 12

• stores info in a stable form
• provides continuity from generation to generation
• acts as an instrument of evolutionary change

Question 13

proteomes

Answer 13

all proteins that a cell or organism creates

Question 14

What type of gene transfer can occur between members of different species?

Answer 14

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 15

Ecology

Answer 15

study of organisms in their natural enviroment

Question 16

Reductionism

Answer 16

reducing complex systems to simpler components

Question 17

10 levels of Biological orginization

Answer 17

1. atoms 2.molecules and macro-molecules 3.cells

4. tissues 5.organs 6.organism 7.population 8.community 9.ecosystem 10.biosphere

Question 18

Emergent properties

Answer 18

characteristics that result from individual components in an organism working with each other or the enviroment

Question 19

Systems biology

Answer 19

study of how new properties of life arise

Question 20

Properties of life

Answer 20

1. Energy use
2. reproduction
3. stages of development and growth
4. homeostasis
5. responds to their environment
6. cells and organization
7. evolution

Question 21

Scientific Method steps

Answer 21

1. observe and ask questions
2. proposing answers (creating a hypothesis)
3. testing the hypothesis (an experiment)
4. analyse the results to accept or reject the hypothesis

Question 22

centi =

Answer 22

1/100

Question 23

milli =

Answer 23

one thousandth

Question 24

micro =

Answer 24

one millionth

Question 25

nano =

Answer 25

one billionth

Question 26

kilo =

Answer 26

1000

Question 27

independent variable

Answer 27

can be manipulated

Question 28

dependent variable

Answer 28

observed/ measured outcome such as height

Question 29

control variables

Answer 29

all other variables that must remain constant

Question 30

Meniscus

Answer 30

thick line or bow on glass containing liquid

Question 31

1 gram = ? ounces

Answer 31

1 gram = 0.035 ounces

Question 32

1 meter = ? inches

Answer 32

1 meter = 39.37 inches (just a littler more than a yard)

Question 33

12 Principles of Biology

Answer 33

1. cells are simplest form of life 2. living organisms use energy 3. living organisms interact with environment 4. living organisms maintain homeostasis 5. living organisms grow and develop 6. genetic material provides blueprint for reproduction 7. populations evolve 8. all species related by evolution history 9. structure determines function 10. new properties emerge from complex interactions 11. biology is an experimental science 12. biology affects our society

Question 34

Cell

Answer 34

simplest form of life

Question 35

cell thoery

Answer 35

1. all organisms are composed of cells 2. cells are smallest unit of life 3. new cells created from previous cells via cell division

Question 36

respiration

Answer 36

release of energy

Question 37

metabolism

Answer 37

chemical reactions involved in break down & synthesis of cellular molecules

Question 38

photosynthesis

Answer 38

harness light energy to produce nutrients

Question 39

Homeostasis

Answer 39

maintains internal conditions

Question 40

growth

Answer 40

produces more or larger cells

Question 41

development

Answer 41

series of changes in cell,tissue, organ or organisms resulting in defined set of characteristics

Question 42

DNA

Answer 42

deoxy-ribonucleic acid

Question 43

Genes

Answer 43

segments of DNA

Question 44

polypeptide

Answer 44

specific amino acid sequence

Question 45

protein

Answer 45

composed of 1 or more polypeptide

Question 46

genome

Answer 46

complete genetic compistion

Question 47

proteome

Answer 47

complete protein compistion of a cell or organism

Question 48

How many options does a hypothesis need?

Answer 48

Just one or it is not specific enough

Question 49

Which axis does the dependent variable go on in a graph?

Answer 49

y axis

Question 50

Which axis does the independent variable go on in a graph?

Answer 50

x axis

Question 51

Vertical eveolution

Answer 51

occurs in lineage and has mutations

Question 52

mutations

Answer 52

random changes in genetics

Question 53

natural selection

Answer 53

if mutations is beneficial it will increase with each generation

Question 54

Taxonomy

Answer 54

grouping of species

Question 55

Prokaryotic

Answer 55

bacteria and archaea fall into this due to simple cell structure

Question 56

Eukaryotic

Answer 56

- larger cells with internal compartments for various functions - they have a cell nucleus

Question 57

cell nucleus

Answer 57

genetic material is surrounded by a membrane

Question 58

What determines the function of a biological molecule?

Answer 58

It structure

Question 59

Science involves which of the following? - concrete proof - observation - experimental investigation - theoretical explanation

Answer 59

- observation - experimental investigation - theoretical explanation

Question 60

The info necessary to produce an organism's proteome is stored in its?

Answer 60

genome