Chapter 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Concentration is defined as the amount of _____ dissolved in a unit volume of ______
solute
solution
Valence electrons are found in?
outermost energy shells
Which of the following molecules are predicted to easily dissolve in water?
- oils that contain C-H groups
- carbohydrates that contain -OH groups
- Ions that carry full electric charges
- carbohydrates that contain -OH groups
- Ions that carry full electric charges
if you add H+ to a solution, the PH?
decreases
Water is a reactant in?
- hydrolysis reaction
- condensation reaction
- dehydration reaction
-hydrolysis reaction
Matter
anything that contains mass and occupies space
Atoms
smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances and organisms
molecule
two or more atoms bonded
Element
pure substance of only one kind of atom
Protons
are positive and are contained in the atomic nucleus
Electron
Negative charge. Found in regions around the nucleaus
Neutrons
no charge, contained in the nucleaus
Electron shells
where electron orbitals are. Varying levels from the nucleus.
Energy
Capacity to do work or make changes
Valence Electons
electrons in the outermost shell
Atomic number
number of protons in an atom
What are the rows in the periodic table? >
periods, indicating number of electron shells
What are the columns in the periodic table?
groups, indicating number of electrons in the outermost shell
Atomic Mass
an atom’s mass relative to the mass of other atoms
What does a Dalton measure?
dalton or Da measures the atomic mass. Also known as atomic mass unit (amu)
What is avogardo’s number?
6.022 x 10^23
Isotopes
elements that exist in multiple forms
Radioisotopes
unstable isotopes. they lose energy by emitting subatomic particles and/or radation
The mass of all living organisms is largely composed of what 4 elements?
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
