Chapter 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the three concepts used by biologists to define species?
Morphological species concept, biological species concept, phylogenetic species concept
What is the term for the two-part scientific names used for species?
Binomial nomenclature
What are the eight ranks in hierarchical classification from broadest to narrowest?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What is a taxon?
Each named rank in classification
What types of evidence do taxonomists rely on to classify species?
- Morphological
- Physiological
- DNA evidence
What is the significance of understanding phylogeny?
Helps trace the transmission of disease and develop treatments
How many domains and kingdoms are there in modern classification?
Three domains and six kingdoms
What are the two types of cells?
- Prokaryotic
- Eukaryotic
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus; eukaryotic cells do
Which domains contain unicellular and prokaryotic organisms?
- Bacteria
- Archaea
What are the four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya?
- Protista
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Animalia
What is a dichotomous key?
A tool used by taxonomists to identify species by making choices between pairs of options
What are the three types of biodiversity?
- Species diversity
- Genetic diversity
- Ecosystem diversity
Why is genetic diversity important for a population?
It enhances the population’s ability to resist disease and adapt to changing conditions
What factors contribute to ecosystem diversity?
Variations in abiotic and biotic factors
What services do ecosystems provide?
- Recycling nutrients
- Regulating gases in the atmosphere
True or False: Ecosystems with greater species diversity have lower resilience.
False
Fill in the blank: Species diversity, genetic diversity, and _______ are types of biodiversity.
Ecosystem diversity
Speacies
a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring
morphology
morphology-body shape, size, and other structural features.
phylogeny
phylogeny, or evolutionary history,
of organisms.
taxonomy
taxonomy the branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features
hierarchical
hierarchical classification the method of classifying organisms in which species are arranged in categories from most general to most specific
Autotroph and heterotroph
autotroph an organism that captures energy from sunlight (or sometimes non-living substances) to produce its own energy-yielding food
heterotroph an organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy from consuming other organisms
