Chapter 19 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Mouth
Begins mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion with saliva (amylase breaks down starch).
Teeth
Break food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion).
Tonge
Moves food around in the mouth; helps form a bolus for swallowing
Salivary glands
Secrete saliva containing enzymes (like amylase) to begin carbohydrate digestion.
Pherinx
Connects mouth to esophagus; involved in swallowing.
Esophagus
Transports food to the stomach using peristaltic contractions
Stomach
Stores and digests food with gastric juices; churns food into chyme
Cardiac Sphincter
Valve between esophagus and stomach; prevents acid reflux
Pyloric Sphincter
Valve between stomach and small intestine; controls chyme release.
Small Intestine
Major site of digestion and absorption; consists of duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine; receives bile and pancreatic enzymes
Villi/Microvilli
Increase surface area in small intestine for maximum nutrient absorption.
Large Intestine (Colon)
Absorbs water and electrolytes; forms and stores feces
Rectum
Stores feces before elimination.
Anus
.
Opening where feces exits the body
Liver
Produces bile; processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.
Gallbladder
Stores and releases bile into the duodenum.
Pepsin
Brakes down protein in the stomach
Hcl
Found in the stomach optimal pH is 2
Salivary Amylase
In the mouth helps with begining of break down of starch and glycogen pH of 7
Pancreas amylase
Ph 8 breaks down glycogen and starch
Carbohydrates digestion
Salivary amylase pancreatic amylase disaccharides
Protein digestion
(Stomac )Pepsin (lumen) Pancreatic trypsin
and
chymotrypsin after that it is Pancroauc carooxypepudase.
Epithellu
of small
intostine
(brush border)
Dipoptidasos,
carboxypoptidase,
and aminopeptidass
Nucloic acidi
digestion
Lumen of
small intestines) Pancreatic nucleus) Epithellu
of small
intostine
(brush border) Nucleosidases
and
phosphatases
