Chapter 2

Question 1

What is a prokaryote

Answer 1

Has no mebraine bound organelles smaller then a eukaryot genome made up of one chromosome does not divide by meiosis or mitosis many are anarobic unicellular

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Larger than prokaryotes has membrane bound organelles aerobic most are multicellular

Question 3

Viruses

Answer 3

No considered living has either rna or dna and have no membrane bound organelles aerobic

Answer 4

No considered living has either rna or dna and have no membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Capsid

Answer 5

A protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus

Question 6

Replication in viruses

Answer 6

the genetic material is copied before the cell reproduces

Question 7

Lytic cycle

Answer 7

A virus inserts its dna I to the cell then the cell makes the virus dna or rna protein then new viruses are assembled in the cell then the cell breaks and the viruses are released

Question 8

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 8

Virus inserts its DNA or rna and it becomes part of the host cell chromosome then the rna or dna leaves the chromosome and begins the lytic cycle

Question 9

Bactria

Answer 9

Has peptidoglycan can sometimes cause illness mostly mesophiles

Question 10

Archaea

Answer 10

Does not have peptidoglycan can be an extremophiles

Question 11

Cocci/coccus

Answer 11

Spherical

Question 12

Bacilli/bacillus

Answer 12

Rod shaped

Question 13

Spirilla/spiriillum

Answer 13

Spiral shaped

Question 14

Acidophiles

Answer 14

Can live in very acidic conditions

Question 15

Thermophiles

Answer 15

Can live in hot temperatures

Question 16

Halophiles

Answer 16

Can live in very salty water

Question 17

Mesophiles

Answer 17

Live in moderate conditions

Question 18

What is binary fission

Answer 18

Binary fission is when a single cell splits into two identical cells. It’s how bacteria and other prokaryotes reproduce.

Question 19

Conjugation

Answer 19

Conjugation is when one cell transfers genetic material to another through a direct connection, helping bacteria share traits like antibiotic resistance.

Question 20

Endospore

Answer 20

A dormant cell that is able to survive for a long time in harsh conditions

Question 21

Plasmid

Answer 21

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA in bacteria that carries extra genes and can be shared with other bacteria.

Question 22

Gram positive

Answer 22

Thick protein layer on their cell wall and stain purple

Question 23

Gram negative

Answer 23

Stains pink has a this layer of protein no their cell wall

Question 24

Endosymbiosis

Answer 24

Endosymbiosis is when one cell lives inside another and both benefit; it explains how complex cells got mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 25

4 evidences for endosymbiosis

Answer 25

Here are 4 pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis: 1. Own DNA – Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA like bacteria. 2. Binary fission – They reproduce by splitting, just like bacteria. 3. Double membranes – They have two membranes, suggesting one cell engulfed another. 4. Bacterial ribosomes – Their ribosomes are like those found in bacteria, not eukaryotic cells.

Question 26

Animal like protists

Answer 26

Cercozoa amoebas) cilliophora has hair like protections) zoomastigina has a tail/flagella)sporozoa creates spors

Question 27

Fung I like protists

Answer 27

1. Myxomycota – Slime molds that move and eat like tiny animals; live in damp places. 2. Acrasiomycota – Cellular slime molds; live alone but join together to make spores when food is low. 3. Oomycota – Water molds; grow in water or wet soil and can cause plant diseases.

Question 28

Plant like protists

Answer 28

1. Euglenoids – Live in water, can make their own food with sunlight (like plants) but can also eat (like animals). 2. Diatoms – Tiny, glass-like shells; float in water and do photosynthesis. 3. Dinoflagellates – Mostly in oceans, spin with two flagella, some glow in the dark, and do photosynthesis.

Question 29

Red tied

Answer 29

Red tide is a phenomenon caused by a rapid growth of dinoflagellates (a type of algae), which can turn the water red. It can produce toxins harmful to marine life and humans.