Chapter 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
• Autotrophic, performing photosynthesis.
• Cell walls composed of cellulose.
• Life cycle exhibits alternation of generations
Bryophytes (Non-vascular plants):
• Includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
• Lack vascular tissue; rely on diffusion for water and nutrient transport.
• Dominant gametophyte generation
. Pteridophytes (Seedless vascular plants):
• Includes ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.
• Possess vascular tissue (xylem and phloem).
• Reproduce via spores; dominant sporophyte generation.
- Gymnosperms (Non-flowering seed plants):
• Includes conifers like pines and spruces.
• Produce seeds not enclosed in fruits.
• Adapted to drier environments.
- Angiosperms (Flowering plants):
.
• Produce flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits.
• Divided into monocots and dicots based on seed leaves.
Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryotic, mostly multicellular (yeasts are unicellular).
• Heterotrophic decomposers; absorb nutrients.
• Cell walls made of chitin.
• Reproduce sexually and asexually via spores.
Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
• Heterotrophic; ingest food.
• Lack cell walls; possess nervous and muscle tissues.
• Reproduce sexually; development includes embryonic stages.
Sporic reproduction
A type of reproduction in plants where the life cycle switches between two stages: one makes gametes, the other makes spores.
Gametophyte
The haploid stage of a plant that makes gametes (sex cells) by mitosis.
Sporophyte
The diploid stage of a plant that makes spores by meiosis.
gymnosperm
a vascular plant with non-enclosed seeds
angiosperm
a vascular plant with seeds enclosed in protective tissue
Monocot
A flowering plant with one seed leaf (cotyledon).
- Dicot
A flowering plant with two seed leaves (cotyledons
- Fungus (Fungi)
A non-moving organism that absorbs food and has chitin in its cell walls.
Ascus
A small, sac-like structure in sac fungi where spores are made
invertebrate
an animal that does not have a backbone
vertebrate
an animal with an internal skeleton and a backbone.
- Radial symmetry
– A body shape where you can cut it many ways through the center and get equal halves (like a starfish).
Bilateral symmetry
– A body shape where only one cut down the middle gives equal halves (like a human).
Segmentation
A body design where the body is made of repeating parts or segments
temperature sex determination
a system in which the sex of offspring is determined by
incubation temperature rather than by genes
How to classify animals
evels of organization • number of body layers • symmetry and body plans • body cavity • segmentation • movement • reproduction
Evolution of Algae to terrestrial plants
Green algae,bryophytes, seedless, vascular plants, seed producing
