Chapter 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is chemistry?
Natural science that deals with the properties of substances, the changes they undergo, and the natural laws that describe these changes
Atoms are ______ to form several different types of molecules
Bound together
What are chemical bonds?
The attachments that hold atoms together
Water molecules have 3 atoms, what are they?
1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen that are bonded together
The water molecule is ____ (what shape?)
Bent
Chemicals compose what?
Ordinary things, like air, water, toothpaste, Tylenol, and toilet paper
What does chemistry explain?
The properties and behavior of chemicals by helping us understand the molecules that compose them
Chemists use the scientific method to do what?
Produce knowledge as the result of the senses
Who measured the property of mass in the process of combustion?
Antonie Lavoisier
What is a scientific law?
A brief statement that synthesizes past observations and predicts future ones
What law did Lavoisier develop?
The law of conservation of mass
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed
What to observations involve?
Measuring or observing some aspect of nature
What is a hypothesis?
Tentative interpretations of the observations
Hypothesis must _____
Be tested repatedly by experiments
Laws summarize what?
The results of a large number of observations
What are theories?
Models that explain and give the underlying causes for observations and laws
Who created the atomic theory?
John Dalton
How did Dalton explain the atomic theory?
Dalton explained the law of conservation of mass by proposing that all matter was composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms
What did Dalton’s atomic theory do?
It went beyond the laws and observations of the time to explain these laws and observations
