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Intro to Chem Summer 2025 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

All matter is composed of what?

A

Atoms

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3
Q

In some substances, such as rubbing alcohol, several atoms bond together in well defined structures called _______

A

Molecules

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4
Q

Matter can be classified according to it’s states: _____, ______, and _____

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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5
Q

What is a solid’s shape?

A

Definitive, rigid

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6
Q

What is a solid’s volume?

A

Definitive

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7
Q

A solid’s particles vibrate around what??

A

Fixed axes

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8
Q

What is a liquid’s shape?

A

No definitive shape, it takes the shape of it’s container

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9
Q

What is a liquid’s volume?

A

Definite

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10
Q

What do the particles in a liquid do?

A

Particles are free to move over each other, but they are still attracted to each other

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11
Q

What is a gas’s shape?

A

No definite shape

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12
Q

What is a gas’s volume?

A

No definite volume

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13
Q

What do the particles do in a gas?

A

Random motion with little or no attraction, making the gas highly compressible

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14
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance where there is only 1 type of atom or molecule

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15
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions. They are not chemically bonded

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16
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance composed of 2 more elements that are in fixed definite proportions. The elements are chemically bonded

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17
Q

What are some examples of compounds?

A

Water, table salt, sugar

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18
Q

Compounds can be ______ to simpler substances

A

Decomposed

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19
Q

What is water?

A

A pure substance composed of only water molecules. There are two elements in fixed, definite proportions

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20
Q

When matter contains 2 types of atoms, it may be a ________

A

Pure substance or a mixture

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21
Q

What are some examples of mixtures?

A

Air and seawater

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22
Q

A pure substance may either be an ____ (ex: copper) or a ______ (ex: sugar)

A

Element or a compound

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23
Q

A mixture may either be ______ (ex: sweetened tea) or ______ (ex: hydrocarbon and water)

A

Homogenous or heterogenous

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24
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A property that a substance displays only through changing it’s composition

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25
What is a chemical property?
A property that a substance displays only through changing it's composition
26
What is an example of a physical property?
The odor of gasoline
27
What is an example of a chemical property?
The flammability of gasoline
28
What happens to the atomic or molecular composition of a substance when the substance displays it's physical properties
Does not change
29
Why is boiling water (100 degrees C) a physical property?
When water boils, the gas is still water. State changes are always physical changes
30
What is a physical change?
Matter changes it's appearance but not it's composition
31
What is a chemical change?
Matter does change it's composition
32
What is an example of a chemical property?
Rusting. When iron rusts, it turns from iron to iron oxide
33
Matter undergoes _____ when it undergoes a chemical reaciton?
A chemical change
34
The substances present before the chemical change are called what?
Reactants
35
The substances present after the change are called what?
Products
36
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
37
The total amount of matter remains ______
Constant
38
What is energy?
The capacity to do work
39
What is work?
The result of a force acting on a distance
40
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
41
Energy can be changed ______
From one form to another
42
What is the SI unit of energy?
Joule (J)
43
What is the second unit of energy?
The calorie (cal)
44
What is a calorie?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C
45
A calorie is ____ than a joule
Larger
46
The nutritional Calorie (Cal) is equivalent to how many calories?
1,000
47
1 calorie equals _____ joules
4.184 joules
48
1 calorie equals _____ calories
1,000 calories
49
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) equals ______ joules
3.60 x 10^6 joules
50
In an endothermic reaction, energy is ______
Absorbed
51
In an exothermic reaction, energy is ______
Released
52
What is thermal energy?
Constant random motion of matter
53
What is temperature?
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter
54
As the temperature of a gas rises, the gas molecules ______
Move faster
55
What is heat?
The transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference
56
What is the measure of thermal energy content?
Temperature
57
What temperature does water boil at?
212 degrees F 100 degrees C
58
What temperature does water freeze at?
32 degrees F 0 degrees C
59
What temperature is room temperature?
72 degrees F Approx 22 degrees C
60
What does the Kelvin scale avoid?
Negative temperatures by assigning 0 K to the coldest temperature possible
61
What is absolute zero?
The temperature at which molecular motion virtually stops
62
How do you calculate Kelvin?
Degrees C + 273.15
63
How do you calculate Celcius?
Degrees F - 32 / 1.8

Intro to Chem Summer 2025 (13 decks)

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