Chapter 4

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest identifiable unit of an element

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances via chemical changes

Question 3

Democrites suggested what?

Answer 3

That if you divide matter into smaller and smaller pieces, you end up with tiny indestructible particles, called atomos.

Question 4

What is Dalton’s atomic theory?

Answer 4

Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called atoms.

Question 5

Atoms of one element _____ from atoms of all other elements

Answer 5

Differ in properties

Question 6

What is a compound?

Answer 6

Atoms of two or more elements combined in a small, whole number ratio

Question 7

Atoms are neither ______ nor _____

Answer 7

Neither created nor destroyed

Question 8

Atoms are ________ to yield substances that are different from those present before the change

Answer 8

Rearranged

Question 9

JJ Thomson discovered what?

Answer 9

Electrons

Question 10

Electrons have what charge?

Answer 10

Negative

Question 11

What did JJ Thomson propose?

Answer 11

That electrons are much smaller and lighter than atoms. He also proposed that atoms must contain positive charge that balances the negative charge of electrons

Question 12

What is Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?

Answer 12

Tiny particles called alpha particles were directed at a thin sheet of gold foil. Most of the particles passed directly through the foil. A few, however, were deflected, some at sharp angles

Question 13

What is Rutherford’s Nuclear Theory of the atom?

Answer 13

Most of the atom’s mass and all of it’s positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus. Most of the volume of the atom is empty space, through which the tiny negatively charged electrons are dispersed. The number of negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus is equal to the number of positively charged particles (protons) inside the nucleus, so that the atom is electrically neutral

Question 14

Positive and negative charges _____

Answer 14

Attract/Cancel out

Question 15

Positive-Positive and negative-negative charges _____

Answer 15

Repel

Question 16

What is the mass (kg) of a proton?

Answer 16

1.67262 x 10^-27

Question 17

What is the mass (amu) of a proton?

Answer 17

1.0073

Question 18

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 18

1+

Question 19

What is the mass (kg) of a neutron?

Answer 19

1.67493 x 10^-27

Question 20

What is the mass (amu) of a neutron?

Answer 20

1.0087

Question 21

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 21

0

Question 22

What is the mass (kg) of an electron?

Answer 22

0.00091 x 10&-27

Question 23

What is the mass (amu) of an electron?

Answer 23

0.00055

Question 24

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 24

1-

Question 25

Elements are defined by their number of ______

Answer 25

Protons

Question 26

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is it's _______

Answer 26

Atomic number

Question 27

Who created the periodic table?

Answer 27

Mendeleev

Question 28

Similar properties align where in the periodic table?

Answer 28

In the same vertical columns

Question 29

The elements can broadly be classified as what (3 categories)?

Answer 29

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Question 30

Where are metals on the periodic table?

Answer 30

Left side

Question 31

Metals are good electron _____

Answer 31

Donors

Question 32

Where are nonmetals on the periodic table?

Answer 32

Upper right side

Question 33

Nonmetals have more _____ properties

Answer 33

Varied

Question 34

Nonmetals are poor ______

Answer 34

Conductors

Question 35

Where are metalloids on the periodic table?

Answer 35

Along the zig-zag diagonal line dividing metals and nonmetals

Question 36

Metalloids have _____ properties

Answer 36

Mixed

Question 37

Metalloids are what kind of conductor?

Answer 37

Semiconductor

Question 38

What is group 1A on the periodic table?

Answer 38

Alkali metals

Question 39

What is group 2A on the periodic table?

Answer 39

Alkaline earth metals

Question 40

What is group 7A on the periodic table?

Answer 40

Halogens

Question 41

What is group 8A on the periodic table?

Answer 41

Noble gases

Question 42

What are some examples of alkali metals?

Answer 42

Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium

Question 43

What are some examples of alkaline earth metals?

Answer 43

Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium

Question 44

What are halogens?

Answer 44

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine

Question 45

What are examples of noble gases?

Answer 45

Helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon

Question 46

In chemical reactions, atoms often lose or gain electrons to form charged particles called _____

Answer 46

Ions

Question 47

Positive ions are called _____

Answer 47

Cations

Question 48

Negative ions are called _____

Answer 48

Anions

Question 49

Where is the charge of an ion shown (using symbol)

Answer 49

Upper right corner

Question 50

All atoms of a given element have the ______ of protons

Answer 50

Same number

Question 51

Do elements have to have the same number of neutrons across all atoms of a given element?

Answer 51

No

Question 52

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called _____

Answer 52

Isotopes

Question 53

All elements have their own unique percent natural abundance of what?

Answer 53

Isotopes

Question 54

Mass number = ______ + _______

Answer 54

Neutrons + protons

Question 55

Protons = _____ - _______

Answer 55

Neutrons - mass number

Question 56

What is the mass number?

Answer 56

Sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons

Question 57

What is the number of neutrons in an isotope?

Answer 57

The difference between the mass number and the atomic number

Question 58

What is atomic mass?

Answer 58

The average mass of the atoms that compose that element

Question 59

The nuclei of some isotopes of a given element are _______

Answer 59

Not stable

Question 60

Atoms that emit a few energetic subatomic particles from their nuclei and change into different isotopes of different elements. What are the subatomic particles called?

Answer 60

Nuclear radiation

Question 61

Atoms that emit a few energetic subatomic particles from their nuclei and change into different isotopes of different elements. What are the isotopes that emit them called?

Answer 61

Radioactive