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Intro to Chem Summer 2025 > Exam 1 Comprehension Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Comprehension Questions Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Objects that are large enough to see belong to the _______ world

A

Macroscopic

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2
Q

Objects that can only be seen under magnification belong to the ______ world

A

Microscopic

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3
Q

Lavoisier helped transform chemistry from a science of _______

A

Observartion

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4
Q

Lavoisier transformed chemistry into a science of ______

A

Measurement

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5
Q

In scientific research, why is it often necessary to bring together individuals from different disciplines?

A

Scientists are most often specialized and you must incorporate other disciplines to accomplish complex projects

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6
Q

Reactants react to form ______

A

Products

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7
Q

What two things must a measurement have?

A
  1. A value
  2. Unit(s)
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8
Q

How can you work more easily with very small or very large numbers?

A

Use scientific notation

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9
Q

_______ is a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another

A

Precision

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10
Q

_______ is a measure of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity

A

Accuracy

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11
Q

When measuring volume and length, the last digit is often _______

A

Estimated

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12
Q

Why must measurements be reported to the correct number of significant figures?

A

Scientists don’t guess. Don’t add numbers you haven’t measured or remove numbers that you have measured

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13
Q

Exact numbers have an ______ number of significant figures

A

Infinite

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14
Q

What is the volume of a cube that has a length of 10 cm?

A

Volume = Length x Width x Height
10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm = 1000 cm^3

AnswerL 1000 cm^3

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15
Q

Why are accurate volume-measuring devices calibrated at a given temperature?

A

Liquids are used to calibrate volume. The density of a liquid varies with temperature and it’s density must be known to calibrate the machine.

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16
Q

When you hold an ice cube, why does it feel cold?

A

Because heat flows from your hand to the ice cube

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17
Q

On the celsius scale, the boiling point of water is ______ degrees C

A

100 degrees C

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18
Q

On the celsius scale, the freezing point of water is ______ degrees C

A

0 degrees C

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19
Q

What is NOT used on the kelvin scale?

A

Negative numbers

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20
Q

What is the name and abbreviation of the SI unit for energy?

A

Joule (J)

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21
Q

Write the two conversion factors for the relationship 1000 g = 1 kg

A

(1 kg/1000 g) or (1000 g/1 kg)

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22
Q

How does the arrangement of particles in a liquid differ from that of particles in a solid?

A

Liquids have no definite shape whereas solids do have a definite shape

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23
Q

Why are gases easily compressed into a smaller volume?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gases are compressible because most of the volume of a gas is composed of the large amounts of empty space between the gas particles

24
Q

What does NOT change during a physical change?

Study These Flashcards
A

The identity of the substance

25
Convert 72.0 degrees F to celsius, then to kelvin
22.2 C -> 295.4 K
26
What is a homogenous mixture?
A mixture with uniform composition
27
What is another name for a homogenous mixture?
Solution
28
List 5 different methods of separating mixtures
1. Distillation 2. Filtration 3. Extrication 4. Decantation 5. Chromatography
29
What is filtration, in chemistry?
A process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter mechanism that allows liquid to pass through
30
To have a compound, two or more elements must be _______
Chemically combined
31
What can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?
Compounds
32
Why is there no chemical process that will break down carbon into simpler substances?
Carbon is an element and you can't break down elements by chemical processes
33
The first letter of a chemical symbol is ______
Capitalized
34
If there is a second letter in a chemical symbol, it is _____
Lower case
35
Why is the formula for a compound always the same?
The ratio by mass of the elements in a compound is always the same
36
When iron forms rust, this is evidence that a ______ change has occurred
Chemical
37
Write the equation for density
Density = mass/volume
38
What is the density of water?
1.00 g/mL
39
What are the units for density?
Typically expressed as grams/mL or grams/cm^3
40
How does the density of a liquid vary with temperature?
The volume of a liquid will increase as temperature increases, causing density to decrease
41
Why does ice float?
Ice has less density than water
42
What does it mean to say that a metal is ductile?
It can be shaped
43
What does it mean to say that a metal is malleable?
It can be drawn into wires.
44
Most of the metallic materials you encounter are ______
Alloys
45
What are alloys?
A combination of metals
46
Are there many or few alloys?
Many
47
What NEVER happens to a mixture that is being separated?
The identity of the substance does not change
48
Magnesium and oxygen react chemically to form magnesium oxide. How much magnesium oxide would form from 48.6 g of magnesium and 32.0 g of oxygen?
mass of reactants = mass of products 48.6 + 32.0 = 80.6 g
49
When ice melts, has a chemical or physical change occurred?
Physical, because the composition of the water does not change
50
The energy content of a single serving of bread is 70.0 Cal. What is the energy content in calories? In joules? (1 calorie = 4.184 joules)
70.0 Cal = 70,000 calories 70,000 calories x 4.184 joules = 2.93 x 10^5 Answer: 2.93 x 10^5
51
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
Heat is released in an exothermic reaction and heat is absorbed in an endothermic reaction
52
Is freezing exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic
53
Is melting exothermic or endothermic?
Endothermic
54
Is boiling exothermic or endothermic?
Endothermic
55
Is condensation exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic
56
If the forward reaction is endothermic, the reverse reaction is ______
Exothermic
57
What do we call the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction?
The activation energy

Intro to Chem Summer 2025 (13 decks)

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