1
Q
Patterns of change and stability beginning at conception and continuing throughout the lifespan
A
Development
2
Q
Three types of influences on development
A
Biological, cognitive, social
3
Q
What is the overarching influence on development
A
Biopsychosocial
4
Q
Average years someone is expected to live based on their birth date
A
Life expectancy
5
Q
People that live to be over 100 years old
A
Centenarians
6
Q
Development is… (6)
A
- Lifelong
- multidimensional
- Multidirectional
- Plastic
- Multidisciplinary
- Contextual
7
Q
Three things that influence development contextually
A
Normative, Age-graded influences, Normative, history-graded influences, and nonnormative life events
8
Q
Contextual development based on biological, developmental timeline influences
A
Normative, age-graded influences
9
Q
Contextual development based on the historical time someone grew up in influences
A
Normative, historical-graded influences
10
Q
Contextual development based on rare events such as winning the lottery influences
A
Nonnormative life events
11
Q
Timeline for when life events occur, linked to social environment
A
Social clock
12
Q
Developmental period: conception to birth?
A
Prenatal period
13
Q
Developmental period: Birth to 18-24 months
A
Infancy
14
Q
Developmental period: 18 mo - 3 years
A
Toddler
15
Q
Developmental period: 3-5 y/o
A
Early childhood
16
Q
Developmental period: 5-10 y/o
A
Middle and late childhood
17
Q
Developmental period: 10-12 to 18-21
A
Adolescence
18
Q
Developmental period: 18-25
A
Emerging adult
19
Q
Developmental period: early 20s-30s
A
Early adult
20
Q
Developmental period: 40s and 50s
A
Middle adult
21
Q
Developmental period: 60’s - death
A
Late adult
22
Q
First age
A
Childhood and adolescence
23
Q
Second age
A
Prime adulthood (20-59)
24
Q
Third age
A
60-79
25
Fourth age
80+
26
Average, healthy growth and decline aging
Normal aging
27
Rapid, diseased decline aging
Pathological aging
28
Aging remaining healthy and active with good physical and cognitive health
Successful aging
29
Number of years since birth
Chronological age
30
Age in terms of biological health
Biological age
31
Adaptive capabilities compared to people of same chronological age
Psychological age
32
Biology vs. experience issue
Nature vs. nurture
32
Connectiveness with others and social rules people adopt
Social age
33
What stays the same and what changes issue
Stability-change issue
34
What is the continuity-discontinuity issue?
Continuous is like a slope, discontinuous is like stairs
35
Method that conceptualizes a process or problem
Scientific method
36
Interrelated set of ideas that help explain a phenomenon and facilitate predictions
Theory
37
Prediction that can be tested to determine accuracy
Hypothesis
38
Scientific method steps (5)
Conceptualize, collect data, analyze data, draw conclusions, share findings
39
theory that development is described as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion
Psychoanalytic theories
40
Who has a big role in psychoanalytic theories?
Freud
41
Theory that behavior is surface characteristic, behavior can be understood by analyzing workings of the mind, and early experiences with parents is emphasized
Psychoanalytic theories
42
Founder of the psychosexual theory
Freud
43
What drives us in the psychosexual theory?
The unconscious
44
What is the iceburg theory and what theory does it belong to?
Unconscious mind is just the tip, unconscious is out of reach. Psychosexual
45
States that you have an ID, ego, and super ego
Theory of personality
46
What is present at birth and is what you want to do, deep down
ID
47
What are always in conflict for the theory of personality?
Id and Super ego
48
Social rules, how things should be done, less deep, still unconscious
Super ego
49
Conscious, what we decide to do (mediator)
Ego
50
Psychosexual theory phases (5)
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
51
What is the oral phase and ages?
Pleasure center in mouth, birth-1.5 years
52
What is the anal phase and ages?
Pleasure is in anus, 1.5-3 years
53
What is the phallic phase and ages?
Genitals, 3-6 years
54
What is the latency phase and ages?
Repression, social skills, 6-puberty
55
What is the genetal phase and ages?
Reawakening of sexual pleasure, someone outside of the family, Past puberty
56
Founder of psychosocial theory
Erikson
57
Erikson's stages (7)
1. Autonomy v. shame and doubt
2. Initiative vs. guilt
3. Industry vs. inferiority
4. Identity vs. identity confusion
5. Intimacy vs. isolation
6. Generativity vs. stagnation
7. Integrity vs. despair
58
Criticism of psychoanalytic theories
lack of scientific evidence, Freud's emphasis on sex
59
Cognitive theory founders
Piaget and Vygotsky
60
Four cognitive theory phases
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational
61
What does Vygotsky focus on
Culture and socialization
62
Vygotsky: culture shapes what you learn
Cultural variation
63
Vygotsky: Kids look to others
Guided participation
64
Vygotsky: Sweet spot of learning, guided but not too easy
Zone of proximal development
65
Abstract, learning memory
Information processing
66
Information processing steps
Manipulate, monitor, strategize
67
Pros and cons of cognitive theories
Children are active in learning, but stages do not look at individual variations
68
Who contributed to the Behavior and social cognitive theories?
Skinner and Bandura
69
Components of Skinner's operant conditioning
Positive and negative reinforcement and punishment of behaviors.
70
who came up with operant conditioning
Skinner
71
What does Bandura's social cognitive theory state?
Reciprocal relationship between behavior, environment, and person/cognitive
72
Criticism of Skinner's theory
Needs more cognition and has low development
73
What theory involves systems?
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory
74
What theory is bidirectional?
Ecological theory
75
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory: immediate aspects such as family, peers, school, and religion
Microsystem
76
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory: Link between micro and exosystems, buffer
Mesosystem
77
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory: Passive relationships, media, family friends, welfare
Exosystem
78
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory: culture
Macrosystem
79
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory: events through lifespan, sociohistorical conditions
Chronosystem
80
In depth study on a specific thing with a lot of information, one to few people
Case study
81
Looks at relationship between two or more variables, "r" value
Correlational design
82
Cause, variable that can be controlled
Independent variable
83
Effect, depends on another variable
Dependent variable
84
Study where everyone is tested at the same time
Cross-sectional
85
Study where same people are tested over a large period of time
Longitudinal
86
Study of many groups over time
Cross sequential
87
APA ethical principles
Belmont report
88
Three ethical principles of the Belmont report
Respect, beneficence, justice
89
Safeguard one's welfare and rights
Beneficence
90
Equal access for all, must be aware of biases
Justice
91
Three belmont report applications
Informed consent, assessment of risks and benefits, selection of participants
92
Not following one theoretical approach, instead selects the best features from each theory
Eclestic theoretical orientation
Developmental Psychology
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
# Cards
-
Chapter 193
-
Ch. 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations31
-
Ch. 3: Prenatal development and growth38
-
Ch. 4: Physical Development in Infancy43
-
Ch. 5: Cognitive Development in Infants and Toddlers67
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Ch.: Socioemotional Development in Infants54
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Physical and cognitive development in early childhood5
