Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of body structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

science of body functions

Question 3

Levels of organization

Answer 3

chemical (atomic < molecular) 
cellular
tissue
organ 
system
organism

Question 4

cells

Answer 4

basic structural & functional units of an organism

Question 5

tissues

Answer 5

groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function

Question 6

4 basic types of tissues

Answer 6

epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nerves

Question 7

organs

Answer 7

structures composed of 2+ different types of tissues

Question 8

organ system

Answer 8

consists of related organs with a common function

Question 9

organism

Answer 9

consists of a collection of organ system

Question 10

(6) important life processes

Answer 10

1) metabolism
2) responsiveness
3) movement
4) growth
5) differentiation
6) reproduction

Question 11

Integumentary system

Answer 11

skin, hair, nails, glands

protect, regulate temp, eliminate waste

Question 12

Skeletal System

Answer 12

bones, joints

protection, support
- houses cells that will become RBCs, WBCs & platelets

Question 13

Muscular system

Answer 13

skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

• works with skeletal sysem to facilitate movement & maintain posture
• generates heat to maintain constant body temp

Question 14

Nervous system

Answer 14

brain, spinal cord, nerves & sensory organs

- senses & responds to body conditions through nerve impulses

Question 15

Endocrine system

Answer 15

hormone-producing cells & glands

- regulates body through chemical mechanisms (by releasing hormones into blood)

Question 16

Cardiovascular system

Answer 16

heart, blood & blood vessels

• carries blood & nutrients to specific locations
• regulates body temp & water balance

Question 17

Lymphatic system

Answer 17

lymphatic fluid/nodes & lymphocytes & associated organs (tonsils/spleen/thymus gland)

• transports fats & proteins to cardiovascular system
• filters blood & protects against disease

Question 18

Respiratory System

Answer 18

upper airways, trachea, major bronchi, lungs

• extracts O2, eliminates CO2
• in conjugation with kidneys, regulates acid/base balance

Question 19

Urinary sytem

Answer 19

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

• physical/chemical breakdown of food
• elimination of waste

Question 20

Reproductive system

Answer 20

ovaries, uterus, vagina
testes, penis

• reproduction of individual or organism

Question 21

metabolism

Answer 21

sum of all catabolic & anabolic chemical processes occurring in the body

Question 22

Responsiveness

Answer 22

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity or threat

Question 23

growth

Answer 23

involves an increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells/# of cells

Question 24

Differentiation

Answer 24

development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state

Question 25

Reproduction

Answer 25

formation of new cells

Question 26

Intracellular fluid

Answer 26

fluid within cells

Question 27

Extracellular fluid

Answer 27

fluid outside cells

Question 28

Interstitial fluid

Answer 28

ECF between cells & tissues

Question 29

body fluids

Answer 29

dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or out of cells

Question 30

Important body fluids

Answer 30

``` blood plasma lymph cerebrospinal fluid synovial fluid aqueous humor ```

Question 31

blood plasma

Answer 31

ECF within blood vessels

Question 32

lymph

Answer 32

ECF within lymphatic vessels

Question 33

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 33

ECF in brain & spinal cord

Question 34

synovial fluid

Answer 34

ECF in joints

Question 35

aqueous humor

Answer 35

ECF in eyes

Question 36

Cellular function depends on the regulation of the composition of the __ ___

Answer 36

interstitial fluid

Question 37

Feedback system | (3) basic components

Answer 37

Body is monitored & re-monitored Each monitored variable = controlled condition 1) receptor 2) control center 3) effector

Question 38

receptor

Answer 38

body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition - sends input to the control center.

Question 39

control center

Answer 39

sets range of values to be maintained - Evaluates input received from receptors & generates output command (Impulse, hormone, other chemical agent)

Question 40

effector

Answer 40

receives output from the control center - produces a response/ effect that changes the controlled condition (Every organ or tissue )

Question 41

Negative feedback

Answer 41

Reverses a change in controlled condition

Question 42

Positive feedback

Answer 42

Strengthens or reinforces change in one of the body's controlled conditions