Chapter 1

Question 1

3 Functions of Nutrients

Answer 1

1) provide energy
2) Important for growth and development
3) Regulate Body processes/functions

Question 2

Nutrients (3 things):

Answer 2

Have a specific biological function
are required in the diet (absence leads to decreases biological function or disease)
can restore normal function if added back to a diet deficient diet prior to permanent damage

Question 3

4 Macronutrients

Answer 3

Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Water

Question 4

2 Micronutrients

Answer 4

Vitamins

Minerals

Question 5

Nutrients that provide Energy

Answer 5

Most carbs
Proteins
Most lipids ( fats and oils)

Question 6

Nutrients that promote growth and development

Answer 6

Proteins
Lipids
Some vitamins
Some  minerals
Water

Question 7

Nutrients that regulate body processes

Answer 7

Proteins
Some lipids
Some Vitamins
Some minerals
Water

Question 8

What elements are carbs compsed of?

Answer 8

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 9

Simple carbs

Answer 9

Sugars in food or glucose in our bodies

Question 10

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 10

Polysaccharides in food and glycogen in our bodies

Question 11

Function of carbs

Answer 11

provides energy (4 kcal/g)

Question 12

What elements make lipids

Answer 12

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (like ethanol)

Question 14

Trigylcerides

Answer 14

Lipids…major form of fat in food and major form of energy storage in our bodies

Question 15

4 types of trigylcerides

Answer 15

saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
trans fatty acids
essential fatty acids

Question 16

4 functions of lipids

Answer 16

provide energy (9 kcal/g)
energy storage
hormone synthesis
membrane constituents

Question 17

What elements make protein?

Answer 17

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 18

Functions of proteins

Answer 18

provides energy (4 kcal/g)
enzymes
muscle
cell signaling
blood
transport

Question 19

What make up proteins

Answer 19

amino acids

Question 20

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 20

9

Question 21

How many amino acids are there

Answer 21

20

Question 22

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 22

Vitamin c

b-complex

Question 23

what type of vitamin is more easily excreted by the body?

Answer 23

water soluble

Question 24

What vitamins are easily destroyed by cooking?

Answer 24

water soluble

Question 25

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 25

Vitamin A, D, E, K

Question 26

What vitamins are more easily stored in the body?

Answer 26

Fat soluble

Question 27

Which vitamins pose a greater rick of toxicity?

Answer 27

fat soluble

Question 28

Minerals

Answer 28

Inorganic compounds (major and trace)

Question 29

Examples of major minerals

Answer 29

``` sodium potassium chloride calcium phosphorous ```

Question 30

Major minerals

Answer 30

required in grams

Question 31

Trace minerals

Answer 31

required less than 100 mg daily

Question 32

Examples of trace minerals

Answer 32

Iron Zinc Copper Selenium

Question 33

Functions of minerals

Answer 33

Water balance nervous system muscle contraction enable chemical reactions

Question 34

Macro nutrient required in the largest quantity?

Answer 34

Water

Question 35

3 functions of water

Answer 35

lubricant solvent and transportation medium body temp regulation

Question 36

What are phyto and zoo chemicals?

Answer 36

physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits but are not essential nutrients

Question 37

Why do we need energy

Answer 37

build new compounds muscle contraction nervous system ion balance in cells

Question 38

How is energy defined

Answer 38

calories or kilocalories

Question 39

what is a calorie

Answer 39

amount of heat needed to increase the temp of 1 g of water 1 degree C

Question 40

Anthropometrics

Answer 40

physical measurements

Question 41

biochemical assessment

Answer 41

nutrients/metabolites in blood, urine, etc

Question 42

Clinical assessment

Answer 42

physical evidence of poor health

Question 43

Dietary assessment

Answer 43

foods consumed

Question 44

Environmental assessment

Answer 44

educational and economical background

Question 45

Components of a nutritional assessment

Answer 45

``` Anthropometrics Biochemical Clinical Dietary Environmental ABCDE ```