Chapter 6

Question 1

Types of lipids

Answer 1

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterol

Question 2

Most abundant lipids in all foods?

Answer 2

Triglycerides

Question 3

Triglyceride TAG comprised of:

Answer 3

Glycerol

3 Fatty Acids

Question 4

What is the joining of 3 fatty acids to a glycerol unit via ester bonds called?

Answer 4

Esterfication

Question 5

The release of fatty acids (de-esterfication

Answer 5

Lipolysis or triglyceride hydrolysis

Question 6

Reattching a fatty acid

Answer 6

Re-esterfication

Question 7

How many carbons are on a long chain of fatty acids?

Answer 7

12+ (most common in diet and body?

Question 8

How many carbons are on a medium chain of fatty acids?

Answer 8

6-10

Question 9

How many carbons are on a short chain of fatty acids

Answer 9

<6

Question 10

How many double bonded carbons are in saturated fatty acids?

Answer 10

0

Question 11

How many double bonded carbons are in monounsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

How many double bonded carbons are in polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 12

2+

Question 13

Shape (isomerization) of cis fatty acid

Answer 13

bent carbon chain

most fatty acids

Question 14

Shape (isomerization) of trans fatty acids

Answer 14

straight carbon chain

hydrogenated oil and fats from ruminants

Question 15

adding hydrogen to make an unsaturated fat more saturated and can yield trans fatty acids

Answer 15

Hydrogenation

Question 16

3 factors that make a fat more solid

Answer 16

longer chain length
more saturation
more trans bonds

Question 17

Omega system (n sometimes or w thing)

Answer 17

position of double bond cloest to methyl end

Question 18

Fats replacements

Answer 18

water, protein or carbs
engineered fats are not digested/stored
(olestra and salatrim)

Question 19

Functions of triglycerides in our body

Answer 19

insulation
compact energy storage
fat-soluable vitamin absorption
transport and metabolism
provide essential fatty acids

Question 20

structure of sterols

Answer 20

ring (no fatty acids)

Question 21

Functions of sterols in our body

Answer 21

steroid hormone
bile
cell membranes
chylomicrons

Question 22

Sources of sterol

Answer 22

synthesized in body

Food: animal origin

Question 23

Lipase is secreted, little to no fat is digested

Answer 23

Fat digestion: Mouth

Question 24

Lipase is secreted, little fat is absorbed

Answer 24

Fat digestion: stomach

Question 25

Produces bile, which is stored and released by the gallbladder into the small intestine. Fats is emulsified

Answer 25

Fat digestion in the liver

Question 26

Secretes lipase, phospholipase, and cholesterol estrase into bile duct which empties into small intestine

Answer 26

Fat digestion: Pancreas pancreatic lipase digests triglycerides phospholipase digests phospholipids cholestrol estrase digests sterols

Question 27

Fat is digested and absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum, bile is absorbed in ileum

Answer 27

Fat digestion: Small intestine

Question 28

less than 5% of fat passes through and is excreted

Answer 28

Fat digestion: Large intestine

Question 29

Fat is transported in blood as:

Answer 29

Lipoproteins mix of lipids and proteins allows hydrophobic fats to travel through hydrophyllic blood

Question 30

Core of lipoprotein

Answer 30

usual TAG of cholesterol esters

Question 31

Shell of lipoprotein

Answer 31

protein phospholipids and cholesterol

Question 32

VLDL (primary component, function)

Answer 32

triglycerides | carried lipids from liver into cells

Question 33

LDL (primary component, function)

Answer 33

Cholesterol | carries cholesterol made by liver and others into cells (BAD)

Question 34

HDL (primary component, function)

Answer 34

Protein | helps remove cholesterol from cells and excretes it (GOOD)

Question 35

chylomicron (primary component, function

Answer 35

triglyerides | carries dietary fats from small intestine to cells

Question 36

Cholesterol uptake via receptors

Answer 36

LDL is taken out of blood by cells with LDL receptors (B-100), then broken down to free cholestrol and protein

Question 37

Cholesterol uptake via scavengers (white blood cells)

Answer 37

oxidized LDL is engulfed and digested by scavenger white bloods cells embedded in blood vessels leads to plaque formation and CVD

Question 38

Cholesterol uptake via HDL

Answer 38

transports cholesterol and other lipoproteins for transport back to the liver

Question 39

What types of fatty acids are americans getting the most of?

Answer 39

omega-6 (soybean oil, corn oil)

Question 40

What type of fatty acid do americans need more of?

Answer 40

omega-3 (fish oils, flax, walnuts)

Question 41

Health concerns regarding imbalance of omega-6 and omega-3

Answer 41

too high a o-6:o-3 ratio may be bad especially for inflammation

Question 42

Health concerns regarding intake of rancid fats

Answer 42

Oxidization of unsaturated fats | Inhibit by anti-oxidents

Question 43

Health concerns regarding diets high in total fat

Answer 43

increase risk of many disease

Question 44

Development of cardio vascular disease

Answer 44

antherosclerotic plaque forms REsult: stroke Risk factors: genetics, LDL's, smoking,etc