Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (30)
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1
Sociology
a science guided by the understanding that our lives are affected by our individual characteristics, powerful social forces, and our place in the world
2
Society
a group of people who live in a defined territory and share social structures and interact with each other
3
Sociological Imagination
the ability to understand how social forces influence the lives of individuals
4
Debunking
the practice of looking beyond the surface or obvious explanation and seeking out deeper explanations
5
What are the 4 Sociological Paradigms and are they macro or micro?
Functionalist: macro
Conflict Theory: macro
Feminism: macro and micro
Symbolic Interactionism: micro
6
Who developed each sociological paradigm (key thinker)
Functionalism: Emile Durkheim
Conflict Theory: Karl Marx
Feminism: Dorothy Smith
Symbolic Interactionism: Herbert Blumer
7
Social Law
statements of fact that are unchanging and can be used for any kind of society as ground rules
8
Social Statics
existing structural elements of society
9
Social Dynamics
changes in the structural elements of society
10
What is social Darwinism and who came up with it?
a notion which suggests that strong societies survive and weak ones become extinct (Herbert Spencer)
11
Social Fact
externally defined and function independently from individual usage
12
Who is associated with the inertia of social systems?
Talcott Parsons
13
Who is associated with the collective conscience?
Emile Durkheim
14
What are manifest and latent functions and who developed these?
Manifest: factors that lead to an expected consequence or outcome
Latent: factors that lead to an unexpected consequence
Robert Merton
15
Traditional Law
requires a system that protects and reinforces group harmony
16
Modern Law
requires a system that protects and contracts the automy of self
17
What are the 3 main historical economic changes?
Ancient (slave and aristocrat)
Feudal (serf and lord)
Capitalist (worker and boss)
18
Bourgeoisie
members of the capitalist class who own means of production
19
Petite Bourgeoisie
class with their own businesses but do not employ others
20
Proletariat
members of the working class
21
False Consciousness
lack of understanding of position in society
22
Class Consciousness
understanding of position in the class system
23
Ideology
a distortion of thought which comes from and conceals social contradictions like exploitation
24
What is the role of the state?
to protect the capitalist class
25
What is ironic about the law?
it limits excessive exploitation but encourages limited exploitation
26
What were the 3 feminist movements?
1800-1900: focus on official inequalities
1960-1980: focus on unofficial inequalities
1990-Present: critiques of waves focusing on middle/upper class white women
27
What does liberal feminism focus on?
differences in sex role expectations, socialization, opportunities, and male/female social control
28
Androcentric Bias
focus on men that influences sociology in terms of how research is done and which topics are studied
29
Self
a person's identity and what makes them different from others
30
