Chapter 1

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

a science guided by the understanding that our lives are affected by our individual characteristics, powerful social forces, and our place in the world

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

a group of people who live in a defined territory and share social structures and interact with each other

Question 3

Sociological Imagination

Answer 3

the ability to understand how social forces influence the lives of individuals

Question 4

Debunking

Answer 4

the practice of looking beyond the surface or obvious explanation and seeking out deeper explanations

Question 5

What are the 4 Sociological Paradigms and are they macro or micro?

Answer 5

Functionalist: macro
Conflict Theory: macro
Feminism: macro and micro
Symbolic Interactionism: micro

Question 6

Who developed each sociological paradigm (key thinker)

Answer 6

Functionalism: Emile Durkheim
Conflict Theory: Karl Marx
Feminism: Dorothy Smith
Symbolic Interactionism: Herbert Blumer

Question 7

Social Law

Answer 7

statements of fact that are unchanging and can be used for any kind of society as ground rules

Question 8

Social Statics

Answer 8

existing structural elements of society

Question 9

Social Dynamics

Answer 9

changes in the structural elements of society

Question 10

What is social Darwinism and who came up with it?

Answer 10

a notion which suggests that strong societies survive and weak ones become extinct (Herbert Spencer)

Question 11

Social Fact

Answer 11

externally defined and function independently from individual usage

Question 12

Who is associated with the inertia of social systems?

Answer 12

Talcott Parsons

Question 13

Who is associated with the collective conscience?

Answer 13

Emile Durkheim

Question 14

What are manifest and latent functions and who developed these?

Answer 14

Manifest: factors that lead to an expected consequence or outcome
Latent: factors that lead to an unexpected consequence
Robert Merton

Question 15

Traditional Law

Answer 15

requires a system that protects and reinforces group harmony

Question 16

Modern Law

Answer 16

requires a system that protects and contracts the automy of self

Question 17

What are the 3 main historical economic changes?

Answer 17

Ancient (slave and aristocrat)
Feudal (serf and lord)
Capitalist (worker and boss)

Question 18

Bourgeoisie

Answer 18

members of the capitalist class who own means of production

Question 19

Petite Bourgeoisie

Answer 19

class with their own businesses but do not employ others

Question 20

Proletariat

Answer 20

members of the working class

Question 21

False Consciousness

Answer 21

lack of understanding of position in society

Question 22

Class Consciousness

Answer 22

understanding of position in the class system

Question 23

Ideology

Answer 23

a distortion of thought which comes from and conceals social contradictions like exploitation

Question 24

What is the role of the state?

Answer 24

to protect the capitalist class

Question 25

What is ironic about the law?

Answer 25

it limits excessive exploitation but encourages limited exploitation

Question 26

What were the 3 feminist movements?

Answer 26

1800-1900: focus on official inequalities 1960-1980: focus on unofficial inequalities 1990-Present: critiques of waves focusing on middle/upper class white women

Question 27

What does liberal feminism focus on?

Answer 27

differences in sex role expectations, socialization, opportunities, and male/female social control

Question 28

Androcentric Bias

Answer 28

focus on men that influences sociology in terms of how research is done and which topics are studied

Question 29

Self

Answer 29

a person's identity and what makes them different from others

Question 30

What is dramaturgy and who came up with it?

Answer 30

a theory of interaction in which all social life is like acting (Erving Goffman)