Chapter 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
The scientific method
Testing ideas in a public arena
Ways of knowing
Sensory experience Agreement with others Expert opinion Logic The scientific method
Basic research
Clarifies the underlying processes with the hypothesis usually expressed as a theory
Quantitative research
Deals primarily with numbers
Applied research
Examines the effectiveness of particular educational practices. Look for the word “effectiveness” or a synonym in the question.
Qualitative research
Deals primarily with words
Experimental research
Different treatments that allow the study of the facts. The results from this type of research are likely to lead to the most clear-cut interpretations.
Mixed methods research
The use of multiple methods to gather and analyze considerably more and different kinds of data than just one approach.
Single subject research
Involves the intensive study of a single individual or sometimes a single group over time.
Correlational research
Determines the relationships among two or more variables and explores the implications for cause-and-effect
Causal comparative research
Determines the cause for or the consequences of differences between groups of people
Survey research
Obtains data to determine specific characteristics of a group
Descriptive Research
Involves asking the same set of questions often prepared in the form of a written questionnaire or ability test of a large number of individuals either by mail by telephone or in person
Ethnographic Study
Documents for pretrade is the everyday experiences of individuals by observing and interviewing them and relevant others
Historical research
Some aspect of the past is studied, either by pursuing documents of the period or by interviewing individuals who lived during the time
Action research
Focuses on getting information that will enable the researchers to change conditions in the particular situation in which they are personally involved
Formative evaluations
Intended to improve the object being evaluated; they help to inform or strengthen it by examining the delivery of the program with technology and the quality of its implementation
Summative evaluations
Examine the effects or outcomes of an object by describing what happens after the delivery of the program or technology in order to assess whether the object caused the outcome
Meta-analysis
Attempts to reduce the limitations of individual studies by trying to locate all of the studies on a particular topic and then using statistical means to synthesize the results of the studies
Critical researchers
Raise a number of philosophical, inquisitive, ethical, and political questions not only about educational research as it is usually conducted but also about all the fields of inquiry, ranging from the physical sciences to literature
Problem statement
The problem of the study And includes a description of the background of the problem (what factors caused it to be a problem in the first place) and bracket and a rationale or justification for studying it
Hypothesis
A prediction, a statement of what specific results or outcomes are expected to occur
Variables
The factors, characteristics, or conditions being investigated to be so stated that they can be tested within a reasonable period of time
Literature review
Sheds light on what is already known about the problem and should indicate logically why the proposed study would result in an extension of this prior knowledge
