Chapter 7

Question 0

Instrumentation

Answer 0

The whole process of preparing to collect data

Question 1

Data

Answer 1

The kinds of information researchers obtain on the subjects of their research

Question 2

Validity

Answer 2

The defensability of the inferences researchers make from the data collected through the use of an instrument

Question 3

Reliability

Answer 3

A reliable instrument is one that gives consistent results

Question 4

Objectivity

Answer 4

Refers to the absence of subjective judgments

Question 5

Informants

Answer 5

People other than the researcher or the subjects who are knowledgeable about the subject

Question 6

Written response instruments

Answer 6

Include objective test short essay examinations questionnaires interviews schedules pretty scales checklist. Examples are multiple-choice true false matching or short answer.

Question 7

Performance instruments

Answer 7

Include any device designed to measure either a procedure or product

Question 8

Rating scales

Answer 8

Rating is a measure judgment of some sort. A scale is the degree to which that reading is taken

Question 9

Interview protocol

Answer 9

Is basically the same kind of instrument as a questionnaire. It is a set of questions to be outside subject of the study. The main difference is that interviews are conducted orally while questionnaires are done by the subject on their own.

Question 10

Observation forms

Answer 10

Paper and pencil observation forms where the observer record certain behaviors but also tries to evaluate some behaviors as they occur

Question 11

Tally sheets

Answer 11

The device often used by researchers to record the frequency of student behaviors activities remarks

Question 12

Flowcharts

Answer 12

A particular type of tally sheet is the participation flowchart. Flowcharts are particularly helpful in analyzing class discussions

Question 13

Performance checklists

Answer 13

Consists of a list of behaviors that make up a certain type of performance

Question 14

Anecdotal records

Answer 14

A record of observed behaviors are down in the form of anecdotes

Question 15

Time and motion logs

Answer 15

Observations and detailed recording over. Of time of the activities of one or more individuals

Question 16

Aptitude test

Answer 16

The general test of intelligence which assesses intellectual abilities that are not in most cases specifically taught in school

Question 17

Projective device

Answer 17

Any sort of instrument with the big stimulus that allows individuals to project their interests, preferences, anxieties, prejudices, needs, and so, on through their responses to it.

Question 18

Sociometric devices

Answer 18

Ask individuals to rate their peers in some way

Question 19

Criterion-referenced instrument

Answer 19

Usually a test That focuses more directly on instruction

Question 20

Nominal scale

Answer 20

The simplest form of measurement researchers can use

Question 21

Ordinal scale

Answer 21

A scale in which data may be ordered in someway such as high to low or least to most

Question 22

Interval scale

Answer 22

Possesses all the characteristics of an ordinal scale with one additional feature. The distances between the points on the scale are equal.

Question 23

Ratio scale

Answer 23

An interval scale that does possess an actual, or true, zero point. A scale designed to measure height would be a ratio scale, because the zero point on the scale represents the absence of height