Chapter 9

Question 0

Threats to internal validity

Answer 0

Anything That can affect internal validity

Question 1

Internal validity

Answer 1

Any relationship observed between two or more variables should be unambiguous as to what it means rather than being due to “something else”

Question 2

Mortality threat

Answer 2

Loss of participants as the study progresses

Question 3

Location threat

Answer 3

The particular locations and which data are collected or in which an intervention was carried out may create alternative explanations for results

Question 4

Instrument Decay

Answer 4

Instrumentation can create problems with the nature of the instrument including the scoring procedure is changed in some way or the other

Question 5

Principal techniques for handling Data collector bias

Answer 5

1. Standardize all procedures which usually require some sort of training of the data collectors
2. Ensure that the data collectors lack the information they would need to distort results also known as planned ignorance

Question 6

Testing threat

Answer 6

Practice on a pretest by itself is responsible for an improvement

Question 7

History threat

Answer 7

One more unanticipated and unplanned four, events may occur during the course of the study that can affect the responses of subjects

Question 8

Maturation threat

Answer 8

Change during an intervention may be due to factors associated with the passing of time rather than to the intervention itself

Question 9

Hawthorne effect

Answer 9

Post subject you a study and participate in it can also threaten internal validity

Question 10

A remedy for Subject attitude threats

Answer 10

Provide to control or comparison groups with the special or novel treatment comparable to that received by the experimental group

Question 11

Regression threat

Answer 11

Present whenever change is studied in the group that is extremely low or high and it’s preintervention performance

Question 12

Implementation threat

Answer 12

The treatment or method many experimental study must be administered by someone. This factor is the possibility that the experimental group may be treated in ways that are unintended and not necessarily part of the Method, yet which gives them an advantage of one sort or the other

Question 13

How can a researcher minimize threats to internal validity?

Answer 13

1. Standardize the conditions under which this study occurs such as the ways in which the treatment is implemented, the ways in which the data collected, and so on.
2. Obtain more information on the subject of the study that is, I’m relevant characteristics of the subjects and use that information in analyzing and interpreting results.
3. Obtain more information on the details of the study that is, Where and when it takes place, extraneous events that occur, and so on.
4. Choose an appropriate design