Chapter 1 - Atomic Structure

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

Positive charge and mass of 1 amu

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

No charge and mass of 1 amu

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

Negative charge and negligible mass

Question 4

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 4

of protons in a given element

Question 5

Mass number (A)

Answer 5

Sum of an element’s protons and neutrons

Question 6

Electron shells

Answer 6

Levels of energy at varying distances from nucleus

Question 7

Cation

Answer 7

Positively charged atom

Question 8

Anion

Answer 8

Negatively charged atom

Question 9

Atomic weight

Answer 9

Weighted average of naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Question 10

Isotopes

Answer 10

Atoms of a given element that have different mass numbers
- Differ in # of neutrons

Question 11

Bohr Model

Answer 11

Dense, positively charged nucleus is surrounded by electrons revolving around the nucleus in orbits with distinct energy levels

Question 12

Quantum

Answer 12

Energy difference between energy levels

Question 13

Ground State

Answer 13

Lowest energy state

Question 14

Excited State

Answer 14

State in which at least 1 electron has moved to a higher subshell

Question 15

Lyman Series

Answer 15

n ≥ 2 to n=1

Question 16

Balmer Series

Answer 16

n ≥ 3 to n = 2

Question 17

Paschen Series

Answer 17

n ≥ 4 to n=3

Question 18

Quantum Mechanical Model

Answer 18

Posits that electrons do not travel in defined orbits but rather are localized in orbitals

Question 19

Orbitals

Answer 19

Region of space around the nucleus defined by the probability of finding an electron in that region of space

Question 20

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Answer 20

States that it is impossible to know both an electron’s position and its momentum at exactly the same time because

Question 21

Principal quantum number(n)

Answer 21

Describes the average energy of a shell

Question 22

Azimuthal quantum number (z)

Answer 22

Describes the subshells within a given principal energy level (s,p,d,f)

Question 23

Magnetic quantum number (ml)

Answer 23

Specifies the particular orbital within a subshell where an electron is likely to be found at a given moment in time

Question 24

Spin quantum number(ms)

Answer 24

Indicates the spin orientation (+ or - 1/2) of an electron in an orbital

Question 25

Hund's rule

Answer 25

States that subshells with multiple orbitals (p,d,f) fill electrons so that every orbital in a subshell gets one electron before any of them gets a second

Question 26

Paramagnetic

Answer 26

Have unpaired electrons that align with magnetic fields, attracting the material to a magnet

Question 27

Diamagnetic

Answer 27

Have all paired electrons, which cannot be easily realigned - Repelled by magnets

Question 28

Valence electrons

Answer 28

Electrons in the outermost shell available for interaction with other atoms

Question 29

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 29

No 2 electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of 4 quantum numbers

Question 30

Aufbau Principle

Answer 30

Electrons fill from lower to higher energy subshells, and each subshell will fill completely before entering next subshell