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Brain Bee Review > Chapter 1: Brain Basics > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Brain Basics Flashcards

1
Q

largest part of the human brain

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

bundle of fibers connecting two hemispheres of the brain

A

corpus collosum

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3
Q

surface of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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4
Q

functions of the frontal lobe

A

higher cognitive skills, problem-solving, movement, speech, planning

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5
Q

functions of the parietal lobe

A

sensory signals, process taste, process visual info

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6
Q

functions of the occipital lobe

A

process visual information, recognize shapes and colours

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7
Q

location of the hippocampus

A

beneath the cerebral cortex

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8
Q

function of the hippocampus

A

encodes new memories

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9
Q

location of the amygdala

A

deep in the temporal lobe

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10
Q

function of the amygdala

A

integrates memory and emotion

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11
Q

structures deep within the brain that regulate emotion and motivation

A

limbic system

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12
Q

integrates sensoyr information

A

thalamus

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13
Q

sends hormonal signals to rest of the body

A

hypothalamus

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14
Q

structure the hypothalamus uses to send hormonal signals

A

pituitary gland

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15
Q

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, cerebral cortex form the ___________

A

forebrain

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16
Q

location of midbrain

A

beneath thalamus

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17
Q

structures that help blinking and focusing

A

midbrain

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18
Q

regulates complex body movements

A

basal ganglia

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19
Q

plays roles in glucose regulation and sleep

A

hindbrain

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20
Q

second largest part of brain in volume

A

cerebellum

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21
Q

focus of the cerebellum

A

coordinates movements and motor skills

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22
Q

location of the pons

A

bellow the cerebellum

23
Q

carries nerve pathways connecting the brain to the spinal cord

A

medulla

24
Q

contains neural networks that help basic functions like swallowing and heart rate

A

medulla

25
Q

midbrain, pons, and medulla form __________

A

brain stem

26
Q

information in your brain moves from one place to another by

A

chains of neurons (neural networks)

27
Q

two way circuit that connects thalamus with parts of the cortex and back

A

thalamocortical loop

28
Q

machine used to detect electrical patterns

A

electroencephalograph (EEG)

29
Q

waves created by awake brain

A

alpha and beta

30
Q

frequencies of alpha and beta waves

A

8-13 Hz and 14-30 Hz

31
Q

waves created by frontal and parietal regions of your brain

A

beta

32
Q

waves produced by sleep

A

theta and delta

33
Q

frequencies of theta and delta waves

A

4-7 Hz and 3.5 Hz

34
Q

region of the brain packed with neural circuits

A

cereberal cortex

35
Q

name of majority of neurons in the brain

A

excitatory

36
Q

most common type of excitatory neuron

A

pyramidal cell (cone shaped

37
Q

amount of dendrites on pyramidal cell

A

two

38
Q

type of neuron that suppress the activity of neighbouring neurons (less common type)

A

inhibitory

39
Q

condition that has imbalance of types of neurons

A

epilepsy

40
Q

neurons with support cells are called

A

glia

41
Q

what neuron type outnumbers other neurons

A

glia

42
Q

four main types of glial cells

A

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes

43
Q

form a network inside the brain that regulates ion concentrations

A

astrocytes

44
Q

immune cells of the brain

A

microglia

45
Q

makes the fluid that cushions the brain

A

ependymal cells

46
Q

wrap axons in a fatty myelin sheath

A

oligodendrocytes

47
Q

resting voltage of neurons

A

-70mV

48
Q

affected by signals arriving from other neurons in a circuit

A

membrane potential

49
Q

substances acting like neurotransmitters

A

amino acids, gases, organic chemicals, and peptides

50
Q

when neurotransmitters are broken down or absorbed by the axon terminal

A

reuptake

51
Q

most common type of excitatory neurotransmitter

A

glutamate

52
Q

small lipids that change the brain’s response to pain

A

prostagladins

53
Q

suppress neurotransmitter release

A

neuromodulators

54
Q

send the brain cues about the activity of the brain

A

hormones

Brain Bee Review (9 decks)

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