Chapter 1 Classification Theories And Laws, Composition,

Question 1

Chemistry is the study of what

Answer 1

COMPOSITION  of substances and the changes they undergo

Question 2

Scientific approach to solving problems equals what

Answer 2

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
New observation
Hypothesis
Experiment

Question 3

What is a theory?

Answer 3

EXPLANATION of a phenomenon or event, based on a lot of experimental evidence

Question 4

What is a scientific law?

Answer 4

A statement based on a lot of experimental evidence
A law STATES BUT DOESN’T EXPLAIN

It’s always true there are no exceptions as in hypothesis or theory

Question 5

Matter is what

Answer 5

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 6

All matter is made up of what?

Answer 6

Tiny particles called atoms

Question 7

What are the two types of matter?
Or how do chemists, classify matter

Answer 7

Pure substance or mixture

Question 8

What are the types of pure substances?

Answer 8

Elements or compounds

Question 9

What are the types of mixtures?

Answer 9

Homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous his one phase heterogeneous is two phases.

Question 10

What are the states of matter

Answer 10

Solid liquid gas

Question 11

What are the defining characteristics of a solid?

Answer 11

Fixed shape and volume not compressible has upper surface

Question 12

What are the defining characteristics of a liquid?

Answer 12

Varying shape, conforms to the shape of container, fixed volume, has upper surface, moderately compressible

Question 13

What are the defining characteristics of a gas?

Answer 13

No fixed shape or volume
no upper surface
highly compressible

Question 14

Use kinetic theory to describe behavior of three common states of matter?

Answer 14

In a solid particle, stay in one spot and vibrate,

in a liquid particles, move over and around their neighbors, but stay close together,

in a gas particles have enough energy to completely separate. They are approximately 1000 times farther apart, and they would be in a solid or liquid state.

Question 15

What is amorphous?

Answer 15

Without shape or form such as plastic

Question 16

What is Crystaline?

Answer 16

Particles that form regular repeating three dimensional geometric patterns
Such as salt salt

Question 17

Describe homogeneous

Answer 17

No visible boundary between components

Question 18

Describe heterogeneous

Answer 18

Visible boundary between components. Such as a settling at the bottom of the container or a salad.

Question 19

What is a compound?

Answer 19

A pure substance composed of two or more elements, CHEMICALLY combined in a DEFINATE proportion

Question 20

Is a pure substance homogeneous

Answer 20

Yes, but it is not a mixture

Question 21

What is a phase?

Answer 21

Homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries

Question 22

What is a system?

Answer 22

A body of matter, under consideration

Question 23

What are physical properties?

Answer 23

Properties of a substance shows by itself, without interacting with another substance, such as color, melting, point, boiling point density

Question 24

What are chemical properties

Answer 24

Properties of substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into other substances, such as flammability and corrosiveness

Question 25

What are separation techniques? There are five.

Answer 25

Filtration, crystallization, distalization extraction, and chromotography F E C C D

Question 26

What is filtration?

Answer 26

It’s based on particle size

Question 27

What is crystallization separation technique?

Answer 27

Separation based on a difference in Salyu ability and components in a mixture

Question 28

What is distillation?

Answer 28

Separation based on differences in volatility

Question 29

What is extraction

Answer 29

Separation based on differences in solubility in different solvents

Question 30

What is chromatography?

Answer 30

Separation based on differences in solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase

Question 31

What is uniform in appearance and has the same properties throughout?

Answer 31

Homogeneous

Question 32

Matter consisting of two or more physically, distinct phases, is what

Answer 32

Heterogeneous

Question 33

What is a homogeneous part of a system separated from other parts by physical boundaries?

Answer 33

Phase

Question 34

What is a body of matter? Under consideration?

Answer 34

A system

Question 35

Explain a proton

Answer 35

Positively charged, heavy and large

Question 36

Explain a neutron

Answer 36

Neutral charge, same size as proton

Question 37

Explain an electron

Answer 37

Same quantity of charge as a proton, but opposite and very small and nearly no mass

Question 38

What subatomic particles are responsible for chemical properties of an element?

Answer 38

Electrons

Question 39

The nucleus is held together by what

Answer 39

Nuclear force

Question 40

In an element what is extremely stable and doesn’t change easily?

Answer 40

Protons, though electrons can change easily

Question 41

What serves as a buffer between protons

Answer 41

Neutrons. Sometimes, with a different number of neutrons in the element may also be stable.