Chapter 1 con't - Cerebral Blood Supply

Question 1

What is the main artery of the heart?

Answer 1

Aorta.

Question 2

Aortic arch divides into four branches. What are they?

Answer 2

2 Common carotid arteries, 2 Subclavian arteries.

Question 3

Common carotid artery branches into:

Answer 3

External carotid & Internal carotid arteries.

Question 4

What do the external carotid arteries supply blood to?

Answer 4

goes toward face and branches into smaller arteries. supplies blood to muscles of the face, forehead, nose, and mouth.

Question 5

Internal carotid artery is a major supplier of blood to the brain. What are two important arteries it branches into.

Answer 5

Anterior cerebral artery and Middle cerebral artery. These are very important!

Question 6

Which artery supplies blood to the middle portion of the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the basal ganglia and corpus callosum.

Answer 6

Anterior cerebral artery.

Question 7

What can damage to the anterior cerebral artery cause?

Answer 7

cognitive deficits; impaired reasoning, judgment, concentration aka “prefrontal lobe symptoms”

Question 8

What does the MCA supply blood to?

Answer 8

entire lateral surface of cortex. major regions of frontal lobe. primary motor cortex, primary auditory cortex, Broca’s, Wernicke’s, angular gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus (both in parietal lobe).
Supplies blood to major areas important for speech, language, hearing, sensory, and motor areas. MAJOR ARTERY!

Question 9

What can damage to MCA cause?

Answer 9

frequent cause of stroke & aphasia. Contralateral hemiplegia, impaired sense of touch, position, pain, & temperature (sensory damage).

Question 10

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 10

Difficulty in movement.

Question 11

What do the subclavian arteries branch into?

Answer 11

Vertebral arteries (left & right).

Question 12

What do the subclavian arteries supply blood to?

Answer 12

Most of the upper extremities.

Question 13

What joins to form a single basilar artery? Where does this joining occur?

Answer 13

The two vertebral arteries. The level of the pons.

Question 14

T/F. Before becoming a basilar artery, the vertebral arteries (and their branches) supply blood to many organs, including the spinal cord.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply blood to?

Answer 15

lateral portions of the temporal lobe, middle and lateral portions of the occipital lobe.

Question 16

Draw the blood supply (arteries mentioned in class). Identify the circle of willis.

Question 17

T/F. Typically, damage below the circle of willis is major and damage above the circle of willis is minimal.

Answer 17

False.

Question 18

Explain why damage/blockage above the C.O.W. and damage/blockage below the C.O.W. would have different outcomes.

Answer 18

If it is below, alternate channels of blood flow may still be maintained. If it is above, the brain will not receive the blood.

Question 19

T/F. Occlusion in the main branches of the cerebral arteries are less serious than if the occlusion were to occur in the watershed (surrounding) areas.

Answer 19

False.

Question 20

What are the three cerebral arteries that branch out from the circle of willis.

Answer 20

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior.