Chapter 4

Question 0

List and describe 5 types of memories.

Answer 0

Sensory memory: where information is retained
Immediate memory: limited capacity: decays within seconds unless rehearsed; 7 +/- 2
Long term memory: where info is stored: large capacity; has two categories: recent & remote; patients w/dementia have better remote memory

Question 1

Name and describe the 6 types of attention with examples of each. (Practice listing these)

Answer 1

Alertness: tonic (readiness to respond overtime) and phasic (alertness that requires rapid response rate).
Sustained Attention (vigilance): tested by computer presented audio/visual stimuli; ex: pt must press the button every time they see/hear the target
Selective attention: assessed through cancellation tasks
Alternating attn: target to be cancelled out changes; going back and forth
Divided attn: pt must retain information while performing another task
Attn: in daily life, tailoring therapy to the client

Question 2

Describe the difference between declarative and procedural memories.

Answer 2

Declarative: what we know about things; ex: multiplication tables, capitals of states.
Procedural: doing things we don’t have to think about; ex: riding a bike, driving a car, making a sandwich

Question 3

What is Prospective Memory?

Answer 3

Remembering to do things in the future.

Question 4

Describe how to access immediate memory

Answer 4

Repetition of numbers, letters, etc

Question 5

Describe how to assess remote memory

Answer 5

Ask pt for their personal information; address, birthday, etc

Question 6

How would you assess visual memory?

Answer 6

Show the pt a picture, take it away, ask the pt to draw from memory

Question 7

What is executive function?

Answer 7

Doing what has to be done to accomplish one’s goals; decision making; problem-solving; includes attention, memory, planning, reasoning, abstract thinking

Question 8

What is response flexibility

Answer 8

TBI Patients have problems inhibiting and modifying their behaviors to changing situations; they may perseverate

Question 9

How do you assess planning?

Answer 9

Cancellation tests: trail-making: mazes; 5 point (connect the dots) test

Question 10

How would you assess reasoning?

Answer 10

• Verbal reasoning tests; seeing if they can get the verbal absurdities
• logical relationships, math reasoning, picture completion tests, standard progressive matrices

Question 11

How can you assess abstract thinking?

Answer 11

Proverb interpretations, similarities and differences, categorization & sorting tasks (convergent and divergent)