Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science

Question 1

Psychology is more than _____. It looks at the ___ and _____

Answer 1

Psychology is more than common sense. It looks at the what and the why.

Question 2

Myths

Answer 2

1)They distinguish between fiction and fact.

2) They can be harmful,
3) cause indirect damage.
4) Accepting myths impede critical thinking in other areas

Question 3

Define psychology

Answer 3

The definition of psychology is the science of the mind and behaviour

Question 4

Psychology uses two science related things

Answer 4

Scientific method: measure, quantify, gather data, hypothesize, test, experiment

Statistical methods

Question 5

Psychology links to (what sections give 3)

Answer 5

1) business
2) marketing
3) architecture
4) environmental issues
5) computer science
6) automotive designs
7) pilot training

Question 6

Why take psychology (give 3)

Answer 6

1) transferable skills
2) know yourself, relationships
3) communication skills

Question 7

Psychology began with who?

Answer 7

Psychology first began with the Greeks and their philosophy

Question 8

Plato believed in what?

Answer 8

Nativism

The idea that knowledge and talent is in born

Ex. The baby was born an amazing dancer

Question 9

Aristotle believed in

Answer 9

philosophical empiricism

The idea that knowledge is gained through experience

Question 10

Nature vs nurture

Answer 10

False dichotomy

A combination of both!

Define: a division or contrast between two things that are or represented as being opposed or entirely different

Question 11

Rene Descartes believed in dualism

Answer 11

The idea that the mind and body are separate

Question 12

Thomas Hobbes believed

Answer 12

The mind is what the body does

Question 13

Francis gall believed in

Answer 13

Francis Gall believed in phrenology

Question 14

Phrenology

Answer 14

Mental ability is tied to damaged brains

Personality traits and mental abilities are localized in specific regions of the brain

Shape or your skull depends on your personality

Question 15

Paul Broca believed in

Answer 15

(broca’s area)
Damage to small area of left side of brain

Brain and mind are linked

Question 16

Helmholz measured

Answer 16

Helmholz believed in the speed of nerve impulses

Mental process are not instantaneous

Slightly behind from input

Question 17

Wilhelmina Wundt

Answer 17

Held the first psychology lab

Studied consciousness by its parts

Structuralism
Introspection

Question 18

Structuralism

Answer 18

Can be defined as psychology as the study of the elements of consciousness.

Question 19

Introspection

Answer 19

The observation of ones own experience

Question 20

William James

Answer 20

Yes, focussing I’m minds experience is important but more importantly! Consciousness flow!

Uses functionalism

Question 21

Functualism

Answer 21

Considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the persons environment.

Ex. If child is grown up in a broken home, he might be bad

Question 22

Wundt

James

Answer 22

Wundt- structure of mental process

James- function of mental process

Question 23

G Stanley Hall

Answer 23

Held the first psychology lab in North America

Child development and education

Question 24

James Baldwin

Answer 24

First psychology in Canada (u of t)

Question 25

Clinical psychology

Answer 25

Neurologist in hospitals

Question 26

Sigmund Freud (neurologist)

Answer 26

Hysteria from childhood experiences Unconscious Psychoanalytic theory

Question 27

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 27

Observing unconscious thoughts

Question 28

First wave of psychology Second wave of psychology

Answer 28

First wave of psychology: psychoanalytic theory Second wave: behaviourism

Question 29

Behaviourism

Answer 29

The theory of based learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning

Question 30

John Watson

Answer 30

Focussed on what people do Goal of psychology is to predict and control behaviourism in helpful ways

Question 31

Ivan Palov

Answer 31

Trained dog to salivate every time he ran the bell

Question 32

Watson:

Answer 32

Stimulus response Classical conditioning Goes into advertising after getting kicked out of school

Question 33

B.F skinner

Answer 33

People act, they don’t just react Skinner box (reinforcement of concquences

Question 34

Skinner box

Answer 34

A mouse is in a box, he discovers his surroundings and and realizes if he pulls a lever, a food pellet will come out.

Question 35

B.F Skinner with children

Answer 35

Child rearing practises Betterment of society (do good, get rewarded)

Question 36

Featured face of time magazine

Answer 36

B.F. Skinner

Question 37

Cognitive psychology Max Wertheimer ______

Answer 37

Optical illusions

Question 38

Gestalt psychology

Answer 38

Seeing things as a whole system

Question 39

Bartlett _____ _____ is not _____ _____ is reconstruction

Answer 39

Memory Memory is not reproduction Memory is reconstruction

Question 40

Kurt Lewin

Answer 40

How you behave is how you see the world Angie gets hit in bar, she fights back and wants to kill them I get hit in bar, I take it as an accident and let them go by

Question 41

Psychologist started to _____

Answer 41

Coding human speech Limited capacity to hold incoming information

Question 42

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 42

Links between cognitive processes and brain activity

Question 43

Neurons that fire together, _______

Answer 43

Wire together! Brain Mapping

Question 44

Social psychology Norman Triplett

Answer 44

Presence of other people change our behaviour Workout with Cole, we ran faster

Question 45

``` When do we use Obedience Conformity Prejudice Stereotyping ```

Answer 45

Obedience (someone in authority) Conformity ( someone disagrees to a decision, everyone wonders. 3 dots all the same size, one says one is bigger, everyone questions, some agree)

Question 46

Stimulus

Answer 46

Sensory input from the environment

Question 47

Consciousness

Answer 47

A persons experience of the world and mind

Question 48

Hysteria

Answer 48

Temporary loss of motor or cognitive functions due to emotionally upsetting experiences

Question 49

Cognitive psychology

Answer 49

Scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

Question 50

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 50

Mind and behaviour in terms of our adaptive value

Question 51

Wilder Penfield

Answer 51

“Neurons that fire together, wire together” Mapping of the brain

Question 52

Human potential

Answer 52

Growth orientated “Pulled by the future, not pushed by the past”

Question 53

Scientific study of well being

Answer 53

What makes life the most worth living Happiness, life satisfacation, meaning in life

Question 54

Cultural psychology

Answer 54

The idea is absolutism vs relativism Study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members

Question 55

Absolutism vs relativism

Answer 55

Absolutism holds morals and commands in all cultures (murder is wrong in all cultures) Opposed to relativism which view moral values entirely different to societies (eating beef is wrong in India)

Question 56

Social psychology

Answer 56

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality