Chapter 6: Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Stores and retrieves information, complex and fragile

Question 2

3 key functions of memory

Answer 2

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

Transforming what we think, feel, or perceive into an encoding memory

Question 4

Three types of encoding

Answer 4

Semantic
Visual Imagery
Organizational

Question 5

Semantic Encoding

Answer 5

Process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored

Question 6

Visual Imagery Encoding

Answer 6

Process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures
Help remember double the amount of info

Question 7

Organizational Encoding

Answer 7

Process of catagorizing….

Question 8

Different kinds of coding involve different regions of the brain

Answer 8

Know this

Question 9

Storage

Answer 9

Maintaining memory over time

3 kinds of storage:
Sensory
Short term
Long term

Question 10

Sensory

Answer 10

Incredibly short, lasts for seconds

Question 11

Short term

Answer 11

Less than a minute

Holds 7 unit of info

Question 12

Long term

Answer 12

Forever

Question 13

Iconic

Answer 13

Visual

1 second

Question 14

Echoic

Answer 14

Hearing

5 seconds

Question 15

Henry Molasion

Answer 15

27 years old, had seizures all the time, after removing hippocampus he couldn’t remember anything after surgery

Question 16

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 16

Inability to transfer new information from short term to long term memory

Hippocampus critical for putting new info into long term storage

Question 17

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 17

Can’t remember anything before

Inability to retrieve info acquired before a particular point in time

Question 18

The hippocampus acts like

Answer 18

An index that links info together

Links together little pieces to make one big one

Question 19

Memories are stored

Answer 19

In many parts of the brain

Question 20

Hippocampus index is crucial when…

Answer 20

Memories are first formed

After time, indexing seems less necessary

Question 21

We _______ memories, not ______ them

Answer 21

Reconstruct, recall

Question 22

Consolidation

Answer 22

Process by which memories become stable in the brain

Question 23

Reconsolidation

Answer 23

Process that occurs when memories are retrieved

Memories Can become vulnerable to disruption during this process

Question 24

Benefits of reconsolidation

Answer 24

Disrupting reconsolidation of traumatic memories reduces trauma of that

Question 25

Memory storage depends critically on _____

Answer 25

Synapses

Question 26

When ____ cross synapses, the _____ changes

Answer 26

Signals, synapses

Question 27

Hebb

Answer 27

Cells that fire together, wire together

Question 28

Long term storage

Answer 28

Growth of new synaptic connections between neurons

Question 29

New memories produce:

Answer 29

Actual physical changes in nervous system

Question 30

Retrieval

Answer 30

Retrieval ques

Question 31

Encoding specificity

Answer 31

Taking exams in the same room

Question 32

State dependent retrieval

Answer 32

Matching encoding and retrieval context helps improve recall

Question 33

The act of retrieving information can

Answer 33

Change the memory

Question 34

Implicit (long term memory)

Answer 34

Past experiences Influence later behaviour and performance without awareness (Think of walking)

Question 35

Explicit memory

Answer 35

Conscious intentional retrieval 2 types: Semantic Episodic

Question 36

Semantic memory

Answer 36

Networks of facts about world

Question 37

Episodic memory

Answer 37

Past personal experiences

Question 38

3 sins of forgetting

Answer 38

Transience Absent Mindedness Blocking

Question 39

Transcience

Answer 39

Passage of time-> forgetting (specifics to genralities)

Question 40

Absent mindedness

Answer 40

Lapse of attention (not wearing pants)

Question 41

Blocking

Answer 41

Failure to retrieve something when trying (it’s on the tip of my tongue)

Question 42

3 sins of distortion

Answer 42

Misattribution Suggestability Bias

Question 43

Missattribution

Answer 43

Assigning recollection or idea to wrong source (can bill chuck bob)

Question 44

Suggestability

Answer 44

Tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into personal recollects

Question 45

Bias

Answer 45

Reconstructing past to fit the future “we always knew that”

Question 46

One sin of intrusion

Answer 46

Presisitance

Question 47

Persistence

Answer 47

Intrusive recollection of events we wished to forget emotional experiences usually

Question 48

Long term potentiation

Answer 48

A process whereby communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection making further communication easier