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Psychology 111 > Chapter 3: Neuroscince + Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Neuroscince + Behaviour Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Why learn about the brain?

A

Knowing how our brain works allows us to understand people’s behaviour

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2
Q

Santiago Raman y Cajal

A

Invented the procedure of staining a neutron

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3
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrite
Axon

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4
Q

Cell body (Soma)

A
  • Information processing
  • Keeps the cell Alice (provides energy)
  • nucleus: DNA chromosomes
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5
Q

Dendrite

A
  • Receives information from other neurons

- relay information to the cell body

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6
Q

Axon

A
  • Carries information from cell body
  • carries information to other neurons
  • many covered in myelin sheath
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7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulating fatty material: boosts transmission speed

Composed of glial cells
Support cell for neurons

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8
Q

Sinapse

A

Gap between axon of one neuron to the dendrite or the next

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9
Q

Synapses allow us to

A

Think, move, feel

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10
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Take input from the environment and send it to the brain, via spinal cord

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11
Q

Motor neurons

A

From spinal cord to muscles

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12
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect neurons to neurons

Most common kind

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13
Q

Neurons specialized to certain locations

Purkinje cells

A

Cerebellum to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Neurons specialized to certain locations

Pyramidal cells

A
  • Cerebral cortex

- One long single dendrite

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15
Q

Neurons specialized to certain locations

Bipolar neurons

A

Retina of the eye

-single axon, single dendrite

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16
Q

How do neurons talk to each other?

A

Electrochemical action

1) conduction
2) transmission

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17
Q

Conduction

A
  • Within a neuron

- electrical

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18
Q

Transmission

A
  • Neuron to neuron

- Chemical signals across synapse

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19
Q

Electrical signalling from neuron

3 points

A

Resting potential

Action potential

Refractory period

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20
Q

The myelin sheath helps move the ______

A

Action potential down the axon

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21
Q

Breaks in the Myelin sheath

A

nodes of Ranvier

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22
Q

Types and function of neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine (ACH)

A

Voluntary motor control

Attention and learning, play a roll in sleeping and memory

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23
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Regulates motor behaviour

- pleasure, emotion arousel

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24
Q

Too little dopamine results to

A

Parkinson’s disease

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25
Too much dopamine results to
Schizophrenia
26
Glutamate
Helps move everything in your body
27
Too much glutamate may
result in seizures
28
GABA: Gamma Aminobutryic acid
The stop button Opposite of Glutamate
29
Norepinephrine
- The “danger” neurotransmitter | - makes you viligent
30
Serotonin
- Mood and arousel - wakefulness and sleeping - regulates aggressive behaviour
31
Endorphins
- Natural painkiller | - Antidepressant
32
Drugs mimic neurotransmitters!
Don’t do drugs 🙈
33
Agonist
Increases an action of a neurotransmitter
34
Antagonist
Block the function of a neurotransmitter
35
Organization of the nervous system
Interacting network of neurons that convert electrochemical information throughout the body
36
2 systems
Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system
37
Central nervous system
Consist of the brain and spine
38
Peripheral nervous system
Connects CNS to rest of body 2 kinds 1) autonomic 2) Somatic
39
Somatic
Conscious control
40
Sympathetic
Fight of flight
41
Parasympathetic
Calming (counteracts fight or flight)
42
Components of the central nervous system
- Spinal reflexes | - disrupted if problems with myelin sheath
43
Structure of the brain
- hindbrain - midbrain - forebrain
44
Hindbrain
Coordinates info into and out of spinal cord Has 4 parts 1) Medulla 2) Recticular formation 3) Cerrebellum 4) Pons
45
Medulla
Life support system, heart rate circulation
46
Reticular formation
Sleep, wakefulness, arousel If damaged, instant comma
47
Cerrebellum
Fine motor skills and balence
48
Pons
The “bridge” Relay system between Cerrebellum and the other brain structures
49
The midbrain
Has 2 parts 1) Tectum 2) Tegmentum
50
Tectum
Orientation within the environment
51
Tegmentum
Central location of neurotransmitters involved in arousel, mood, and motivation
52
Forebrain
Develops last and has the highest functions 2 parts: 1) cerebral cortex 2) Subcortical Structures
53
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer- two hemispheres (compare your fists) Has: Gyri: Smooth parts Sulci: Indentations
54
Subcortical structures
Middle of your brain ``` Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Basal Ganglia ```
55
Thalamus
Every sense but smell goes here! - organizedand send out to other sections of brain - filters info by urgent first for survival
56
Hypothalamus
Regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, sex drive
57
Hippocampus
Creates new memory | Integrates them into network
58
Amygdala
Strong emotion commutes to hippocampus Formation of emotional memory
59
Basal ganglia
Directs intentional movement Works with the Cerrebellum
60
Endocrine system
Network of glands produce secrets hormones Controlled by pituitary gland
61
Hemispheres
Left hemi controls the right side of body Right hemi controls the left side of body
62
Corpus callousum
Transmits info super fast (makes the two hemis speak to each other
63
4 lobes
Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Frontal lobe
64
Occipital lobe
Visual processing: object recognition
65
Temporal lobe
Auditory processing: language comprehension
66
Parietal lobe
Processing sensory information, body orientation
67
Frontal lobe
Decision making, problem solving, deliberate movement, consciousness, emotion
68
Within each lobe
Primary areas: for fine detail Association areas: sense making for change making Mirror neurons
69
Brain plasticity
Notion that your brain is like plastic It forms to your environment
70
Evolution of nervous system
Ontogeny: evolution within individual Phylogeny: development within your species
71
Action potential
An electric signal that is conducted along a neurons axon to a synapse

Psychology 111 (8 decks)

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