Chapter 4: Sensation And Perception

Question 1

Sensation (window to the world)

Answer 1

The stimulation of a sense organ

Brain receives input from your sensory organs

Question 2

Perception (interpreting what comes through your sense window)

Answer 2

The brain makes out the input from the sensory organs

Question 3

Transduction

Answer 3

Sensors in your body that convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals which are sent to the CNS

Question 4

Five senses

Answer 4

Taste, touch, sight, smell, hearing

Question 5

Psychophysics

Answer 5

Relationship between physical stimuli and sensory response

Question 6

Gustav Fechner

Answer 6

Structuralist: bits and pieces of consciousness

Question 7

Absolute threshold

Answer 7

Minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus 50% of the time

Question 8

We are most sensitive to a range of _____ corresponding to _______

Answer 8

Tones……… human conversation

Question 9

Too high of a frequency

Answer 9

We can’t hear it

Question 10

Too low of a frequency

Answer 10

We can’t hear but can feel

Question 11

Absolute threshold

Answer 11

How sensitive we are to faint stimuli

Question 12

Signal detection

Answer 12

Sensory signals face a lot of competition for our attention

Question 13

Signal detection theory

Answer 13

Response to a stimuli depends on the sensitivity

Question 14

Detecting signals in the environment

Answer 14

• absolute threshold
• just noticeable change
• noise in environment
• what choosing to pay attention to

Question 15

Multitasking

Answer 15

Attention to auditory signals means processing of visual signals greatly decreases

Question 16

Multitasking effects:

Answer 16

The ability to stay focus

Hurts the performance and productivity

Question 17

Sensory adaptation

Answer 17

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulation declines over time as you adapt

Question 18

Vision

Answer 18

• Sensing light

- Wavelengths

Question 19

Accommodation

Answer 19

Focussing- changing lense

Question 20

Parts of the eye

Answer 20

Cornea, Retina, pupil, iris

Question 21

Photo receptor cells

Answer 21

In the retina, contain light sensitive pigaments

Question 22

Two types of photoreceptors

Answer 22

Rods and cones

Question 23

Rods

Answer 23

Black and white

Oppreates in low light

Not as detailed

Question 24

Cones

Answer 24

Detect colour

Operate in normal life

Fine details

Question 25

Fovea

Answer 25

No rods, has the clearest vision

Question 26

The path of light entering the eye

Answer 26

1) light rays come in and hits the rods and cones 2) Activate bi-polar Cell’s 3) Activate retinal ganglion cells 4) bundles RTC forms optic nerve 5) Goes to thalamus

Question 27

Blind spot

Answer 27

No rods or cones

Question 28

Perceiving light

Answer 28

3 types of cones | Blue red green

Question 29

Perceiving shape

Answer 29

Specialized Neurons

Question 30

Visual streams

Answer 30

Distinct pathways from occipital cortex to visual areas on other parts of the brain

Question 31

Ventral stream

Answer 31

The what stream! Temporal lobe

Question 32

Dorsal stream

Answer 32

Where stream (parietal lobe)

Question 33

Visual form agnosia

Answer 33

Inability to recognize objects by sight

Question 34

Visual illusions

Answer 34

Specialized neurons and feature detectors

Question 35

Parallel processing

Answer 35

Brain processes and makes sense of several aspects of stimulus simultaneously

Question 36

Binding process

Answer 36

Information from dorsal (where) stream and ventral (what) stream

Question 37

Perceptual constancy

Answer 37

If a chair tunes blue, we still recognize the chair

Question 38

Perceiving motion

Answer 38

Need to encode information about space and time

Question 39

Perceiving change

Answer 39

Change blindness (not noticing the waiter changing)

Question 40

Audition (hearing)

Answer 40

Hearing is sensing changes in air pressure that unfold in rapid succession over time

Question 41

3 dimensions of sound waves

Answer 41

1) frequency: correspond to our perception of pitch 2) Amplitude: corresponds to our perception of loudness 3) complexity: corresponds to our perception of timbre

Question 42

Nature sounds

Answer 42

Relief stress, lowered blood pressure, anxiety, agitation

Question 43

Parts of the ear

Answer 43

``` Pinna Ear canal Eardrum Middle ear Inner ear Eustachain Tube ```

Question 44

Cochlea

Answer 44

Fluid filled, site of transduction

Question 45

Procedure or hearing

Answer 45

1) Tiny ear bones amplify sound 2) Chohlea sorts sounds by frequency 3) nerve passes signal from choclea

Question 46

Sounds above _____ dcibals can cause hearing loss

Answer 46

85

Question 47

Touch Haptic Perception

Answer 47

How we feel in the world Transduction of skin sensations into neaural signals Pain, pressure, texture, pattern, vibration

Question 48

Pain

Answer 48

Neccecary for our survival Neural signals travel to 2 distinct areas in your brain

Question 49

Gate control theory of pain

Answer 49

Stop pain by rubbing area Activated neurons

Question 50

Body positioning

Answer 50

Proprioception: where you are in space

Question 51

Smell (olfactory)

Answer 51

Only sense that has a direct route to the forebrain By passes the thalamus

Question 52

Taste

Answer 52

Necessary for our survival. Poisons are bitter

Question 53

Papillae

Answer 53

Within one is taste buds

Question 54

5 primary tastes

Answer 54

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, unami

Question 55

Expectations relate to taste

Answer 55

If a candy is yellow, assume it is lemon

Question 56

New studies find that.....

Answer 56

Sight, hearing, smell, and touch all intertwine Changing the shape or texture of food can change its taste

Question 57

Crossmodel interactions

Answer 57

5 senses are not distinct pathways into consciousness

Question 58

Why do crossmodel interactions occur

Answer 58

Possible neaural connection between auditory nerve and olfactory bulb

Question 59

Synesthsia

Answer 59

Extra ability Hear colour, see sound, taste touch Greek word for: to perceive together