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Hematology 2 Lec > CHAPTER 1 - HEMOSTASIS PART 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 - HEMOSTASIS PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

retains the blood within the vascular system during periods of injury

A

(vasoconstriction)

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2
Q

localizes the reaction involved to the site of injury.

A

(platelet adhesion and aggregation)

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3
Q

repairs and re-establishes blood flow through the injured vessels.

A

(coagulation and fibrinolysis)

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4
Q

Three Hemostatic Components

A

1) Extravascular component
2) Vascular component
3) Intravascular component

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5
Q

Play a part in hemostasis by providing back pressure on the injured vessel through swelling and entrapment of escaped blood

A

Extravascular components

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6
Q

Extravascular components Depends on the:

A

bulk or amount of surrounding tissue

type of tissue

tone of the surrounding tissue (

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7
Q

Vascular components Depends on the:

A

Size of the blood vessels

Amount of smooth muscle within their wall

Integrity of the endothelial cell lining

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8
Q

Platelets and biochemicals in the plasma.

A

Intravascular components

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9
Q

Stages of Hemostasis

A

Primary Hemostasis
Secondary Hemostasis

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10
Q

Platelet Clot

A

Primary Hemostasis

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11
Q

Temporary

A

Primary Hemostasis

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12
Q

Fibrin Clot

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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13
Q

Permanent

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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14
Q

activated by desquamation of damaged endothelial cells from small tissue injuries

A

Primary Hemostasis

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15
Q

Activated by large injuries to the blood vessel, releasing tissue factor.

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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16
Q

Primary Hemostasis Steps involved:

A

a) Blood vessel constriction
b) Platelet function cascade
c) Product: Platelet plug formation

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17
Q

Secondary Hemostasis Steps involved:

A

a) Activation of coagulation proteins.
b) Stabilization of platelet plug.
c) Fibrinolysis.

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18
Q

Platelet function cascade

A
  1. Adhesion
  2. Activation
  3. Secretion
  4. Aggregation
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19
Q

Primary Hemostasis Characteristics:

A

Rapid, shortlived response.

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20
Q

Secondary Hemostasis Characteristics:

A

Delayed, long term

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21
Q

Regulation: Naturally occurring inhibitors block activated coagulation factors to avoid widespread coagulation.

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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22
Q

Primary Hemostasis Involves:

A

(1) Vasoconstriction
(2) Platelet function Cascade

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23
Q

Secondary Hemostasis Involves:

A

• activation of a series of plasma proteins in the coagulation system until fibrin clot formation

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24
Q

Activated by desquamation and small injuries to blood vessels

A

Primary Hemostasis

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25
→ Procoagulant substances are exposed or released by damaged or activated endothelial cells
Primary Hemostasis
26
Activated by large injuries to blood vessels and surrounding tissues
Secondary Hemostasis
27
→ Tissue factor exposed on cell membranes
Secondary Hemostasis
28
Involves vascular intima and platelets
Primary Hemostasis
29
Involves platelets and coagulation system
Secondary Hemostasis
30
- Slow breakdown & removal of fibrin clot as healing of the injured vessel occurs
Fibrinolysis
31
lumen becomes small to ctrl blood flow to prevent blood loss
vasoconstriction
32
During injury, substances like collagen factor will call/attract hemostatic substances.
platelet adhesion and aggregation
33
bv exposes substances to attract hemostatic components
platelet adhesion and aggregation
34
collagen activators etc w/in bv
platelet adhesion and aggregation
35
platelet travels
platelet adhesion and aggregation
36
complete occlusion (clog)
coagulation and fibrinolysis
37
sealing plt clog
coagulation and fibrinolysis
38
a. Repairs -
Coagulation
39
b. Re-establish -
Fibrinolysis
40
- Sealer
Coagulation Factor
41
Vasoconstriction during injury due to surrounding tissues that swells until maipit ang blood vessel.
Extravascular components
42
(Fleshy part exerts more pressure unlike in the scalp)
bulk or amount of surrounding tissue
43
(Skeletal tissue: more effective than loose connective tissue = more vasoconstriction = less bleeding)
type of tissue
44
(“ Elasticity or Flexibility “ - lesser for varicose veins)
tone of the surrounding tissue
45
Extravascular cells that participates –
a. Fibroblasts b. Smooth muscle cells
46
- All are highly pro-coagulant - Temporary seals
a. Fibroblasts b. Smooth muscle cells
47
Size of the blood vessels. - Arteries – thicker & larger - (?)– harder to seal -(?) – easier to seal
Thicker Thinner
48
(does not easily clot; with strong pressure causing excessive bleeding; with many sm)
Arteries - larger and thicker
49
(compare the walls of the arteries from that of the veins and capillaries)
Amount of smooth muscle within their wall
50
have higher amount of SM
Arteries
51
- Platelet affects endothelial cell lining and make the cessel strong
Integrity of the endothelial cell lining
52
- arteries have thick walls, but can be a cause of death due to difficulty to seal (longer clotting)
Integrity of the endothelial cell lining
53
: coagulation factor
Biochemicals
54
Less important systems:
complement system (inflammation) kinin system (bradykinin) serine protease inhibitors
55
- controls heart beat during hemostais
kinin system (bradykinin)
56
– regulate clotting, inhibits coagulation, fibrinoloysis; proteins from the liver
serine protease inhibitors
57
endothelial lining shedding
desquamation
58
tissue factors and collagen is released from the damaged endothelium
small tissue injuries
59
Platelet function Cascade:
a. Platelet adhesion b. Attraction c. Secretion d. Aggregation
60
– change their shape
b. Attraction
61
– secretes granules and these granules attracts more platelet.
c. Secretion
62
Activation of coagulation - (?) (proenzyme ) inactivated enzymes
Zymogens
63
Zymogens Example :
Fibrinogen – inactivated fibrin Factor 10 (inactivated) – Factor 9 (inactivated to Activated form
64
- assembly area for coagulation factors (in the cell membrane)
Platelet phospholipid
65
Primary Hemostasis Ends with
(3) platelet plug formation
66
: These substances work against the coagulation process, preventing blood coagulation.
ANTICOAGULANTS
67
: initiates the process of fibrinolysis or blood clot degradation.
FIBRINOLYTIC
68
: substances that keep the blood vessels from narrowing or contracting.
VASODILATOR
69
Warfarin is an example of this.
ANTICOAGULANT
70
It causes the blood vessel's interior (lumen) to widen.
VASODILATOR
71
: substances that tighten or shrink the blood vessels.
VASOCONSTRICTOR
72
It causes the blood vessels' lumen to be smaller.
VASOCONSTRICTOR
73
: a substance that is necessary for the coagulation of blood to occur.
PROCOAGULANT
74
These promote/stimulate coagulation, hence known as "hemostatic agents."
PROCOAGULANT
75
Examples of these are Tissue factor and FXa.
PROCOAGULANT
76
• Stimulates vasodilation
Prostacyclin (PGIz)
77
• Inhibits platelet activation
Prostacyclin (PGIz)
78
Prostacyclin (PGIz)
Anticoagulant
79
Heparan sulfate
Anticoagulant
80
Thrombomoduli n (Endothelial protein C receptor)
Anticoagulant Fibrinolytic
81
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
Anticoagulant
82
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Fibrinolytic
83
Reduces blood flow rate
Adenosine
84
Adhesion molecules
Procoagulant
85
von Willebrand factor (VWF) (Weibel-Palade bodies)
Procoagulant
86
• Coats the endothelial cell surface and weakly enhances activity of antithrombin-III
Heparan sulfate
87
• Endothelial surface receptor for thrombin (binds and inactivates thrombin)
Thrombomoduli n (Endothelial protein C receptor)
88
• Enhances anticoagulant and fibrinolytic action of protein C
Thrombomoduli n (Endothelial protein C receptor)
89
• Controls activation of the extrinsic pathway
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
90
• Stimulates vasodilation
Prostacylin Adenosine
91
• Required for platelet adhesion to site of vessel injury
von Willebrand factor (VWF) (Weibel-Palade bodies)
92
• P-selectin; Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)
Adhesion molecules
93
• Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules (PECAMs)
Adhesion molecules
94
- help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings.
• Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules (PECAMs)

Hematology 2 Lec (29 decks)

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